The Effect of Education and Tele-Follow-Up Program on Diabetes Self-Management and Blood Glucose Regulation

The population for this study consists of newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients who visit the Dr. Burhan Nalbantoğlu Hospital. This study was planned as a randomized controlled trial. In the study, simple randomization design was preferred among experimental designs. Computer-generated random numbers method was used in sample size calculation. The sample size was calculated using the "G. Power-3.1.9.2" program, and the minimum required sample size for the study was determined before data collection at a 95% confidence level. According to the calculation, for the independent sample t-test with a 0.05 alpha value, a 1.128 effect size, and a theoretical power of 95%, the minimum sample size was determined to be 44 participants (22 per group). By considering that there might be losses in the study, it is planned to include a total of 60 patient in the study.

Data collection will take place in three stages.

• All participants eligible for the study (both experimental and control groups) will be required to complete the "Demographic Information Form," the "Adult Diabetes Knowledge Scale" to assess their knowledge about the disease, and the "Diabetes Self-Management Scale" to evaluate their diabetes self-management. Blood glucose levels and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values will be obtained from the patients' hospital records on the day of measurement. For Body Mass Index (BMI), the researcher will measure the patients' height and weight, and BMI will be calculated. In the randomized experimental group, participants will receive one-on-one face-to-face diabetes education in a dedicated training room, delivered via a PowerPoint presentation prepared by the researcher, using a computer. At the end of the training, an educational booklet will be provided. Participants in the control group will receive only the educational booklet prepared by the researcher, without any formal education. After three months, participants in the control group will be informed that they will receive individual education at the end of the study.
• Participants who attended the training will be contacted by phone at least three times-two weeks, one month, and two months after the training. The effects of the education on diabetes management will be evaluated, home-monitored blood glucose levels will be inquired and recorded, and additional education will be provided where necessary.
• Three months after the initial planned education and following telemonitoring (after at least three follow-up phone calls), the "Adult Diabetes Knowledge Scale" and the "Diabetes Self-Management Scale" will be re-administered by the patients in order to evaluate the impact of the education on diabetes management. If available, fasting blood glucose and Hemoglobin A1c values will be obtained from the hospital records on the corresponding date. Participants in the control group will also be asked to complete the same questionnaires again. After the data collection process is completed, the same planned education will be provided to participants in the control group as well, in order to eliminate any potential disadvantage or ethical concerns.

The data collection tools to be used in this study include the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Adult Diabetes Knowledge Scale, and the Diabetes Self-Management Scale.

Inclusion criteria

• Volunteering to participate in the study.
• Having recently been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes.
• Not having cognitive dysfunction.
• Not having done diabetes education before.

Exclusion criteria

• Being under 18 years of age.
• Having cognitive dysfunction.
• Not volunteering to participate in the study.