The Effect of Chronic Pain and Its Treatment on Quality of Life and Physical Activity

Assessment of the World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF. Assessment of the effect of pain and its treatment after 3 and 6 months of therapeutic and educational activities in 4 domains: physical health, experience, social relationships, environment and two separate items assessing overall quality of life and health satisfaction. A higher score indicates a higher quality of life.

Assessment of the Oswestry Disability Index. Assessment of the effect of pain and its treatment after 3 and 6 months of treatment and educational activities on physical disability (restriction of the ability to sit, stand, lift loads and walk), social handicap (social life, sex life - if relevant, travel, personal care), pain and sleep (10 items). The rating for each item is 0-5 points, maximum 50 points. The resulting score is evaluated as minimal disability, moderate disability, severe disability and paralysis.

Assessment of the Patterns of Activity Measures-Pain scale (POAM-P) after 3 and 6 months of treatment and educational activities. Assessment of the effect of pain and its treatment on physical activities (scores in three areas: Avoidance, Overdoing, and Pacing). Scores for each activity range from 0 to 40 for each behaviour pattern. A higher score indicates a more active individual.

Assessment of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale consists of two subscales. Each subscale has seven items. The HADS-A (anxiety) subscale measures anxiety symptoms and the HADS-D (depression) subscale measures depression symptoms. HADS-T (total) reflects the overall level of distress. Each item has four answer options, with a possible scoring of 0-3. The total number of points in each scale is 0-21 points. A value of 8 is considered as the cut-off point for mild depression/anxiety and a value of 11 for definite depression/anxiety (11 to 14 - moderate; 15 to 21 - high). The total HADS-T score, which ranges from 0 to 42 points, is also evaluated.

Assessment of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire -Short Form measures free-living physical activity levels. The questionnaire is psychometrically tested and used as an instrument to measure physical activity over the previous seven days of participants. It includes 7 questions that distinguish individuals with high, medium and low physical activity.

Trans-cultural validation Patterns of Activity Measures-Pain scale - Czech version (POAM-P/CZ). It consists of 30 questions (10 for each activity pattern: Avoidance, Overdoing, and Pacing). Scores for each activity range from 0 to 40 for each behaviour pattern. A higher score indicates a more active individual.

A numerical rating scale (NRS) requires the patient to rate their pain on a defined scale 0-10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain. The NRS can be administered verbally or in a written format as needed for the patient.

The pain map provides the most accurate information about where the patient is in pain. It shows the human body from all sides and some of its parts separately. The patient has the task of marking painful areas. The size of the ring should correspond to the real one area of pain. Colored pencils are used for clarification.

Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) is based on ECG data derived from two single-use ANI electrodes applied in V1 and V5 positions to the chest. The ANI is finally computed from a frequency domain-based analysis of the high frequency component of heart rate variability which also incorporates the respiration rate as a potential confounder. It is displayed as a score from 0-100 with low values reflecting low and high values high parasympathetic predominance in autonomic cardiac control.