The Effect of a Mobile Application-Supported Mindful Caring Education Program

Primary outcomes

1. Self-care was assessed using the Self-Care Activities Screening Scale.

   Time frame: Data were collected at two time points: at baseline (T0) and three months after the intervention (T1)

   The Self-Care Activities Screening Scale (SASS) was used to assess participants' self-care behaviors. The scale consists of 14 items, each rated on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 6. The total score ranges from 14 to 84. Higher total scores indicate greater engagement in self-care behaviors.

2. Self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale.

   Time frame: Data were collected at two time points: at baseline (T0) and three months after the intervention (T1).

   The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) was used to assess participants' levels of self-compassion. The scale consists of 26 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Each sub-dimension is scored separately, and the total self-compassion mean score is obtained. The total score is calculated by summing the scale items and dividing the result by 26. A total score between 1 and 2.49 indicates low self-compassion, a score between 2.5 and 3.5 indicates moderate self-compassion, and a score between 3.51 and 5 indicates high self-compassion. Higher total scores indicate higher levels of self-compassion.

3. Quality of life was assessed using the Professional Quality of Life Scale.

   Time frame: Data were collected at two time points: at baseline (T0) and three months after the intervention (T1).

   The Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) was used to assess participants' professional quality of life. The scale consists of 30 items and comprises three subscales: Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Compassion Fatigue. The scale does not yield a total score. Instead, each subscale is scored and interpreted independently. During scoring, items 1, 4, 15, 17, and 29 are reverse scored.

4. Nurse-patient interaction was assessed using the The Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale-Short Form

   Time frame: Data were collected at two time points: at baseline (T0) and three months after the intervention (T1).

   The Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale-Short Form (CNPI-Short Scale) was used. The scale consists of 23 items. Each item is evaluated across three dimensions: importance, competence, and feasibility. The scale does not yield a total score; instead, each dimension is scored and interpreted independently. Each item is evaluated using a five-point Likert-type scale with separate instructions appropriate to the target dimension. Scores on the scale range from 23 to 115. Higher scores indicate a more positive perception of the measured dimension and subdimension.