The Development of a Transdiagnostic Intervention to Improve Social Functioning and Intimate Relationships Among Veterans

Romantic partnerships greatly impact mental and physical wellness. However, these vital relationships are frequently put at risk by behaviors which put the health and safety of relationships at risk such as high interpersonal conflict or aggression (intimate partner violence [IPV]). Veterans endorse high rates of relationship conflict which frequently include the use of physical or psychological aggression toward a partner. As a prevalent and detrimental problem, interventions are gravely needed that consider primary drivers of relationship conflict and aggression: internal emotional processes and intimate relationship functioning (e.g., intimacy, communication, conflict resolution). Intervention development holds particular importance for Veterans who have few treatment options and present with distinct risk factors. For instance, co-occurring PTSD and alcohol misuse (i.e., hazardous alcohol use or alcohol use disorder; AUD) exacerbate risk for intimate relationship dysfunction and IPV use among Veterans through overlapping processes (e.g., emotional numbing, social erosion, increased threat perception). Despite high prevalence of co-occurrence and well-defined impact on relationship functioning and IPV use risk, Veterans with PTSD and alcohol misuse are not well served by couple's interventions, IPV use treatments, or evidence-based practices for co-occurring disorders. Veterans endorsing high relationship conflict, particularly when reaching the point of IPV use, are frequently excluded from services or sent to several, distinct interventions to treat intersecting problems such as alcohol misuse and PTSD. While evidenced based interventions for PTSD and alcohol misuse show distinct promise in symptom reduction, they do not necessarily improve psychosocial functioning. Relationship health and safety interventions do not yet exist which provide tailored, individual programming. With these limitations, existing referral lines for increase likelihood for dropout and evidence higher rates of poor relationship functioning and IPV following treatment. A new intervention is needed which can provide individualized treatment for Veterans with PTSD and alcohol misuse targeting intimate relationship functioning and IPV reduction. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a promising avenue for intervention development. Increasing "psychological flexibility" via ACT, or value-driven functioning in the presence of challenging internal experiences, addresses a transdiagnostic process spanning across PTSD, alcohol misuse, intimate relationship functioning, and IPV use. This five year Rehabilitation Research Development and Translation (RRDT) career development award aims to develop, refine, and pilot this individual, manualized treatment called: ACT for Social Health, Achievement, and Relationship Effectiveness (ACT-SHARE). Following Phase 1 which will develop the intervention and Phase 2 which will refine the intervention through iterative feedback, Phase 3 will pilot the adapted intervention, full trial procedures including 12-month follow-up, and training and rating procedures. Primary aims include feasibility and acceptability with exploratory aims examining change scores (relationship functioning, IPV use, PTSD symptoms, alcohol use) and candidate processes (psychological flexibility).

Inclusion criteria

• Endorses at least one act of IPV in the past 3 months
• Endorses treatment goals related to improving romantic relationship functioning
• Meets DSM 5 Criteria for PTSD and screening cutoffs for alcohol misuse (mild to severe AUD criteria met and/or above AUDIT cutoff).
• Consents to audio recording.
• Able to provide informed consent.
• Consents to partner outreach if in a relationship.
• Over 18 years of age

Exclusion criteria

• Evidence of active psychosis or mania
• Suicidality requiring inpatient hospitalization
• Severity of active substance use requiring detoxification
• Cognitive impairment that would interfere with study participation