The Correlation Between the Retrobulbar Hemodynamics and Intrarenal Hemodynamics in T2DM Patients During the Early Period

Inclusion criteria

• The patients were diagnosed with T2DM according to the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association ;
• No smoking history, pulmonary disease, cold, nor pulmonary infection within a fortnight;
• Did not have hepatopathy, nephropathy, hyperuricemia, and gastrointestinal disease; and
• Likely to have good compliance and able to visit our hospital for periodic assessments.

Exclusion criteria

• T1DM, gestation and lactation;
• Renal inadequacy,hypohepatia,and heart failure;
• Intensive care with insulin treatment;
• The patients combined with DR and hypertension (antihypertensive drugs were used);
• Patients with other eye conditions that could affect the blood flow, such as high degree myopia, maculopathy of any origin, glaucoma, and those with a history of laser treatment or intraocular surgery;
• The patients combinated with DKD;
• Patients with other renal conditions that could affect the blood flow, such as urolithiasis, urinary infection, and renal cyst (diameter > 3 cm);
• Cholesterol-lowering drugs can not control the blood-fat (TC > 250 mg/dl, HDL-C < 30 mg/dL, LDL-C > 170 mg/dl, TG > 200 mg/dl) adequately.