The Clinical Effect of Vitamin K Administration in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Inclusion criteria

• Adult patients 21-65 years old diagnosed with Type II diabetes.
• Fasting blood glucose concentration ≥ 126 mg/dL .
• Normal liver Function tests defined as ALT levels up to 33 U/L for males and up to 25 U/L for females, Albumin levels ≥ 3.5 g/dL, Bilirubin up to 1.1 mg/dL .
• Normal clotting function defined as defined by INR.
• Normal kidney function defined as serum creatinine values up to 1.3 mg/dL.

Exclusion criteria

• Type I diabetic patients.
• Use of supplements with potential effect on vitamin K level namely supplements containing vitamin K, co-enzyme Q10 or vitamin E > 400 IU .
• Patients requiring anti-coagulant therapy including patients with prosthetic valves, mitral tissues, DVT, PE, atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease.
• Patient with history of coagulation, MI, stroke and embolization.
• Pregnant or breast feeding women.
• Being on hormonal therapy or receiving contraceptive pills.
• Patients treated with glucocorticoids, thiazide diuretics, and atypical antipsychotics.
• Patients on cholestyramine, antibiotics and coumarins.
• Patients on lipid lowering agents.
• Known intestinal malabsorption syndrome, cholestasis or steatorrhea.
• Smokers.