The Care for America's Aging Study

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia disorders, also called neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), are highly prevalent among persons living with dementia or cognitive impairment (PLWD/CI) and represent major sources of morbidity and distress for patients and their care partners. NPS also predict higher rates of institutionalization - directly undermining the ability to "age in place", which is a critical patient-centered goal for most older adults. Thus, there is an urgent need for innovation and development of non-pharmacologic, behavioral interventions to prevent or mitigate NPS and their adverse consequences, and to provide these interventions in the most-preferred, lowest-cost setting: a person's home. As providers of direct care for older adults in their own homes, home health aides (HHAs) are in a unique position to address this critical need. However, it is a priority to ensure that the knowledge and practical skills levels of HHAs are adequate to meet these identified needs. While existing care frameworks provide excellent tools for understanding and responding to NPS, they were not specifically designed to provide HHAs with enhanced knowledge and skills regarding the full range of NPS encountered in the ADRD (Alzheimer disease and related dementias) spectrum or to address specific behavioral techniques that can support HHAs in real-time with recognizing and responding to NPS among older PLWD/CI.

The Care for America's Aging study is a randomized pilot study investigating whether a home health aide training intervention consisting of enhanced dementia-specific curriculum content will improve behavioral and psychological symptoms and quality of life outcomes among adult persons living with dementia or cognitive impairment, aged 60 years and older, and their familial care partners. This study will test the preliminary efficacy of an HHA enhanced curriculum training intervention, compared to the standard curriculum training, for two co-primary outcomes: 1) patient levels of behavioral symptoms; 2) patient and care partner quality of life scores.

The intervention component consists of an enhanced curriculum - an additional 8 hours (2 instructional days) of didactic content and skills training related to recognizing and responding to dementia-related behaviors - which is delivered in addition to a currently-deployed statewide standard curriculum of 100 hours (~20 instructional days) of home care worker training that qualifies HHA for certificates from the Massachusetts Home Care Aide Council.

Eligible participants will be dyads (pairs, or groups made up of 2 persons) of patients and their care partners. Patients will be persons aged 60 years and above who are patients with the Mass General Brigham healthcare system, have mild cognitive impairment or dementia diagnosis of no greater than moderate severity, are being referred to/planning to use home care services, and able to participate in study procedures. Care partners will be familial caregivers, however family is self-defined.

Sixty dyads of homebound older adult patients with cognitive impairment or dementia (ranging from mild to moderate severity) and their familial care partners will be randomized to receive care from HHAs who have completed either enhanced or standard curriculum HHA training.

Eligible participants will be assigned by chance (like a coin toss) to one of 2 groups: 1) home care from HHAs who completed enhanced curriculum training or 2) home care from HHAs who completed standard curriculum training. Therefore, there will be n=30 patient-care partner dyads in each of the 2 groups, and each dyad will have an equal chance of being assigned to either group.

All study participants will be asked to complete questionnaires every two (2) weeks over a 6-month follow-up period. Study questionnaires will ask about behavioral symptoms, mood, psychosocial, health, and daily functioning. Electronic health records will also be used to collect data regarding patient's health outcomes. Occasionally, participants may receive a phone call from study staff to collect information or to clarify responses on the questionnaires. The study will assess whether there are differences in these variables over the 6-month follow-up, comparing dyads randomly assigned to receive care from HHAs with standard curriculum training to dyads randomly assigned to receive care from HHAs enhanced curriculum training.

Primary Hypotheses:

• There will be significantly lower neuropsychiatric symptom levels among patients receiving home care services from HHAs with enhanced curriculum training compared to those receiving home care services from HHAs with standard curriculum training.
• There will be significantly higher health-related quality of life scores among patients and familial care partners receiving home care services from HHAs with enhanced curriculum training compared to those receiving home care services from HHAs with standard curriculum training.

Inclusion criteria

for Patients:

• Age 60 years and above
• Patients in Mass General Brigham healthcare system
• Mild cognitive impairment or dementia diagnosis of no greater than mild-moderate severity
• Discharge plan includes referral to home care services
• As all surveys have been validated in English, we will limit participation to potential participants able to read English.

Exclusion criteria

for Patients:

• Discharge to Medicare short-term rehab only
• Lack of care partner
• Enrolled in palliative care (projected survival < 6 months)
• Clinical severity of dementia that is moderate or greater
• Any active clinical issues barring safe participation
• Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)-blind score below cutoff
• University of California, San Diego Brief Assessment of Capacity to Consent (UBACC) score below cutoff