The Canadian COVID-19 Prospective Cohort Study

FIM is a measure of self-care, sphincter control, mobility, locomotion, communication, social and cognitive skills that has been validated and standardized in spinal cord and stroke populations. The acuteFIM is a subscale of the FIM and adapted to patients in hospital.

FIM is a measure of self-care, sphincter control, mobility, locomotion, communication, social and cognitive skills that has been validated and standardized in spinal cord and stroke populations. The acuteFIM is a subscale of the FIM and adapted to patients in hospital.

Subjects walk as far as they can in six minutes while receiving maximum encouragement. It is simple to execute, inexpensive, standardized and gives a tangible measure of functional exercise capacity. It has been validated in survivors of critical illness. The 6MWT will be conducted according to American Thoracic Society standards.

Non-invasive measures of lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange through a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer and are used for screening and diagnosis of lung disorders. These tests will be conducted according to American Thoracic Society standards. For non-hospitalized and hospitalized non-ICU participants, spirometry will be conducted only if clinically indicated.

This score measures level of muscle strength in proximal and distal muscle groups on a scale from 0-5 where 0 indicates no muscle flexion, and 5 indicates full muscle function against gravity and against resistance. Muscle strength in the upper extremities (arm, forearm, wrist) and lower extremities (leg, knee, foot) will be tested.

The self-administered SF-36 evaluates eight health concepts: physical functioning, role functioning-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role functioning-emotional, and mental health. Previous studies have used this instrument in survivors of critical illness and it takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. Used for all patient + caregiver cohorts.

The PHQ-9 is a validated, multipurpose instrument for screening, diagnosing, monitoring and measuring the severity of depression. It incorporates DSM-IV depression diagnostic criteria with other leading major depressive symptoms into a brief self-report tool. The PHQ-9 is brief and useful in clinical practice. The PHQ-9 is completed by the patient in minutes and is rapidly scored by the clinician. The PHQ-9 can also be administered repeatedly, which can reflect improvement or worsening of depression in response to treatment. Used for all patient + caregiver cohorts.

The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for generalized anxiety disorder and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research. It is easy-to-use, self-administered patient questionnaire that can be completed in minutes. Used for all patient + caregiver cohorts.

The PCL-5 is a validated, reliable, 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It takes approximately 5-10 minutes to complete. Used for all patient + caregiver cohorts.

ICU PATIENT + iCU CAREGIVER COHORT: The CD-RISC-10 is a validated, reliable 10-item measure that assesses resilience or how well one is equipped to bounce back after stressful events, tragedy, or trauma. The CD-RISC-10 scale is comprised of ten of the original 25 items from the CD-RISC25 scale. Total scores range from 0-40.

The CD-RISC-2 is a shorter version with 2 questions and captures the essence of the whole instrument and will be used in the non-hospitalized cohort, the hospitalized non-ICU cohort, and non-ICU caregiver cohort.

This short self-administered assessment tool will determine the degree to which participants reintegrate into normal social activities such as recreation, mobility in the community and interaction in family or other relationships. This tool has been validated in community living adults with mobility limitations.

This short assessment tool assesses perceived exertion using a 10 point scale as assessed by the patient's experience.

The CFS is a reliable and validated scale shown to be a strong predictor of institutionalization and mortality in older and also critically ill patients across differing age groups.

The Rapid Geriatric Assessment (RGA) is a tool developed to quickly identify four geriatric syndromes including frailty, sarcopenia, anorexia of aging and cognitive dysfunction and takes less than 4 minutes to administer. The components of the RGA are the FRAIL for frailty, SARC-F for sarcopenia, SNAQ for anorexia of aging and the Rapid Cognitive Screen which is derived from the St. Louis University Mental Status Examination. All the screening tools have been validated in multiple continents and are available in up to 30 languages.

There is no COVID-19 specific validated stigma scale. The Investigators have modified a short stigma scale that has been validated to assess enacted and internalized stigma and psychological distress in patients with tuberculosis. The investigators will be testing this modified scale out in a subgroup of patients prior to using it in our wider cohorts.

The determinants of hospital mortality and 1-year outcome will inform risk stratification and outcome.

Health services use after enrollment including hospitalization, emergency department visits, outpatient contact with physicians including virtual visits and phone calls.

Assessment of social support using this scale will be used for the family caregiver cohort only.

participation in valued activities will be assessed using this scale for the family caregiver cohort only.

level of care provided to the ICU survivor in terms of activities of daily living, instrumental activities and medical care will be evaluated in the family caregiver cohort only.

This scale will be used to assess caregivers' sense of control over life.

This scale will be used to assess caregivers' personal development as a result of providing care.