The Body's Response to Food Intake in Trained, Older Adults

Inclusion criteria

All subjects must meet the following eligibility criteria:

• Age range: 60 years and older
• Body mass index between 20-29 kg/m2
• Weight stable (< 2 kg weight change within last 6 months)
• Non-smoking
• Constant habitual activity patterns within last 3 months
• Clinically normal blood profiles (specifically, normal liver and kidney function; normal complete blood count (non-anemic); fasting blood glucose <110 mg/dl)
• Not taking medications known to influence appetite or metabolism
• Non-diabetic
• Confirmation of acceptability of eating the study test foods (solids and fluids)

Trained subjects (Recruiting 36; N-25) must meet the following eligibility criteria:

• Resistive exercise training (≥ 2 times a week) based on reported physical activity levels (questionnaire)
• Active fitness level (≥ 2, 30-minute aerobic exercise sessions/week)

Sedentary subjects (Recruiting 36; N-25) must meet the following eligibility criteria:

• Resistive exercise training (≤ 1 time a week) based on reported physical activity levels (questionnaire)
• Active fitness level (≤ 2, 30-minute aerobic exercise sessions/week)

Exclusion criteria

All subjects will be excluded based on the following exclusionary criteria:

• Age: <60 years
• Body mass index: outside of the 20-29 kg/m2 range
• Gained or lost > 4.5 kg within the last 6 months
• Smoker (currently or within the last year)
• Intermittently been involved in a diet and/or exercise program within the last 3 months
• Clinically abnormal blood profiles as identified by our study physician, Arthur Rosen, MD
• Taking medications (currently or within the last 3 months) known to influence appetite or metabolism
• Abnormal heart function (interpreted by a cardiologist) and assessed (for study exclusion) by our study physician, Arthur Rosen, MD
• Clinically diagnosed as diabetic
• Study foods are found to be unacceptable for consumption by the subject
• Clinically diagnosed osteoporosis

Trained subjects will be excluded based on the following exclusionary criteria:

• Did not perform resistive exercise training (currently or within the last 3 months) based on reported physical activity levels (questionnaire)
• Perform ≤ 1, 30-minute aerobic exercise session/week (currently or within the last 3 months) based on physical activity levels questionnaire)

Sedentary subjects will be excluded based on the following exclusionary criteria:

• Performed resistive exercise training (currently or within the last 3 months) based on reported physical activity levels (questionnaire)
• Perform > 2, 30-minute aerobic exercise sessions/week (currently or within the last 3 months) based on physical activity levels questionnaire)