Testing the Effects of the CDSMP Among Lower-to-Middle Wage Workers

The Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) is a patient self-rated scale designed to assess on the- job impact of chronic health problems and/or treatment. The WLQ consists of 25 items in 4 dimensions: limitations handling time (5 items), physical work demands (6 items), mental interpersonal work demands (9 items), and output demands (5 items). Each item is rated on a 5- point scale from "All of the Time" (score 5) to "None of the Time" (score 0), or "Does Not Apply to My Job". The WLQ Productivity Loss Score is derived from the Global Productivity Index, which is calculated as a weighed sum of the 4 dimensions. Reduction in WLQ Productivity Loss score indicates less work limitation and represents the estimated percentage of productivity loss in the past two weeks due to presenteeism relative to a healthy benchmark sample. WLQ Productivity Loss Score ranges from 0% to 24.9%. Higher percent productivity loss reflects more severe work limitations.

The Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) is a patient self-rated scale designed to assess on the-job impact of chronic health problems and/or treatment. The WLQ consists of 25 items in 4 dimensions: limitations handling time (5 items), physical work demands (6 items), mental interpersonal work demands (9 items), and output demands (5 items). Each item is rated on a 5- point scale from "All of the Time" (score 5) to "None of the Time" (score 0), or "Does Not Apply to My Job". The WLQ Productivity Loss Score is derived from the Global Productivity Index, which is calculated as a weighed sum of the 4 dimensions. Reduction in WLQ Productivity Loss score indicates less work limitation and represents the estimated percentage of productivity loss in the past two weeks due to presenteeism relative to a healthy benchmark sample. WLQ Productivity Loss Score ranges from 0% to 24.9%. Higher percent productivity loss reflects more severe work limitations.

The percentage of productivity lost due to work absences is the ratio of total missed work hours to total usual work hours in a two-week time frame. Both the numerator (total missed work hours due to health problems or medical care) and the denominator (total usual work hours) are computed based on information from four survey questions (two required and two optional), which are included in the WLQ Work Absence Module. Productivity loss due to absenteeism can range from 0% to 100%, with higher percent loss meaning more absenteeism.

The percentage of productivity lost due to work absences is the ratio of total missed work hours to total usual work hours in a two-week time frame. Both the numerator (total missed work hours due to health problems or medical care) and the denominator (total usual work hours) are computed based on information from four survey questions (two required and two optional), which are included in the WLQ Work Absence Module. Productivity loss due to absenteeism can range from 0% to 100%, with higher percent loss meaning more absenteeism.

3-item scale constructed by the CDSMP Stanford research team and used in the CDSMP National Evaluation (each item include 6-point Likert response scale (response range 0-5 per item)). Items reflect preparing list of questions to ask provider at visit, asking questions during the visit, discussing personal problems with provider during visits. Scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores reflecting better communication.

3-item scale constructed by the CDSMP Stanford research team and used in the CDSMP National Evaluation (each item include 6-point Likert response scale (response range 0-5 per item)). Items reflect preparing list of questions to ask provider at visit, asking questions during the visit, discussing personal problems with provider during visits. Scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores reflecting better communication.

5 items internally constructed by research team members to reflect adherence over past month; proportions of participants in each group will be compared. Dichotomous items (No=0/Yes=1) include forgetting to take regularly scheduled medications, problems remembering to take regularly scheduled medication, stopping regularly scheduled medication when feeling better, stopping regularly scheduled medication when feeling worse. Participants responding they forgot to take regularly scheduled medication complete a 5th nominally-scaled item that asks how frequently they have forgotten to take in the past month (1 time =1, 2 times=2, 3 times=3, 4 times=4, 5 times=5, More than 5 times=6). Higher proportions on dichotomous items reflects worse within-group adherence. Higher mean scores on nominally-scaled item reflects worse within-group adherence.

5 items internally constructed by research team members to reflect adherence over past month; proportions of participants in each group will be compared. Dichotomous items (No=0/Yes=1) include forgetting to take regularly scheduled medications, problems remembering to take regularly scheduled medication, stopping regularly scheduled medication when feeling better, stopping regularly scheduled medication when feeling worse. Participants responding they forgot to take regularly scheduled medication complete a 5th nominally-scaled item that asks how frequently they have forgotten to take in the past month (1 time =1, 2 times=2, 3 times=3, 4 times=4, 5 times=5, More than 5 times=6). Higher proportions on dichotomous items reflects worse within-group adherence. Higher mean scores on nominally-scaled item reflects worse within-group adherence.

2 items that reflect the number of times per week engaged in light or moderate exercise during leisure time, and the number of minutes engaged in exercise for each occurrence; developed by CDSMP Stanford research team and used in CDSMP National Evaluation. Product of two items reflects total number of minutes per week, with possible ranges of 0 to 3360 (maximum score equivalent of 8 hours per day, 7 days per week). Higher scores = more favorable exercise profile.

2 items that reflect the number of times per week engaged in light or moderate exercise during leisure time, and the number of minutes engaged in exercise for each occurrence; developed by CDSMP Stanford research team and used in CDSMP National Evaluation. Product of two items reflects total number of minutes per week, with possible ranges of 0 to 3360 (maximum score equivalent of 8 hours per day, 7 days per week). Higher scores = more favorable exercise profile.

2 items that reflect the number of times per week engaged in vigorous exercise during leisure time, and the number of minutes engaged in exercise for each occurrence; developed by CDSMP Stanford research team and used in CDSMP National Evaluation. Product of two items reflects total number of minutes per week, with possible ranges of 0 to 3360 (maximum score equivalent of 8 hours per day, 7 days per week). Higher scores = more favorable exercise profile.

2 items that reflect the number of times per week engaged in vigorous exercise during leisure time, and the number of minutes engaged in exercise for each occurrence; developed by CDSMP Stanford research team and used in CDSMP National Evaluation. Product of two items reflects total number of minutes per week, with possible ranges of 0 to 3360 (maximum score equivalent of 8 hours per day, 7 days per week). Higher scores = more favorable exercise profile.

Valid and reliable instrument used in clinical settings to screen for possible depression. Includes 8 items, each with 4-point Likert responses that range from 0 to 3. Score range = 0 to 24, with higher scores reflecting more severe depressive symptoms.

Valid and reliable instrument used in clinical settings to screen for possible depression. Includes 8 items, each with 4-point Likert responses that range from 0 to 3. Score range = 0 to 24, with higher scores reflecting more severe depressive symptoms.

Valid and reliable instrument used in clinical settings to screen for somatization disorders. Includes 15 items, each with 3-point Likert responses that range from 0 to 2. Score range = 0 to 30, with higher scores reflecting more severe somatic symptoms.

Valid and reliable instrument used in clinical settings to screen for somatization disorders. Includes 15 items, each with 3-point Likert responses that range from 0 to 2. Score range = 0 to 30, with higher scores reflecting more severe somatic symptoms.

Single item of self-rated health with 5-point Likert response scale of 1 to 5. Higher score reflects poorer health rating.

Single item of self-rated health with 5-point Likert response scale of 1 to 5. Higher score reflects poorer health rating.

Single item from BRFSS asking how many days out of past month mental health was not good. Possible range 0-31, with higher score reflecting worse mental health in past month.

Single item from BRFSS asking how many days out of past month mental health was not good. Possible range 0-31, with higher score reflecting worse mental health in past month.

Single item from BRFSS asking how many days out of past month physical health was not good. Possible range 0-31, with higher score reflecting worse mental health in past month.

Single item from BRFSS asking how many days out of past month physical health was not good. Possible range 0-31, with higher score reflecting worse mental health in past month.

A 4-item scale developed by CDSMP research team at Stanford and used in CDSMP National Evaluation; each item with 5-point Likert response with item scores ranging from 0 to 4. Items reflect extent to which activities in the following social roles were limited due to health: activities with family / friends / neighbors / groups; hobbies or recreational activities; household chores; errands and shopping. Possible range of 0 to 16. Higher scores reflect more significant activity limitations due to health.

A 4-item scale developed by CDSMP research team at Stanford and used in CDSMP National Evaluation; each item with 5-point Likert response with item scores ranging from 0 to 4. Items reflect extent to which activities in the following social roles were limited due to health: activities with family / friends / neighbors / groups; hobbies or recreational activities; household chores; errands and shopping. Possible range of 0 to 16. Higher scores reflect more significant activity limitations due to health.

Single self-report item asking number of times hospitalized in past 3 months. Possible range 0 to 90. Higher score reflects greater hospitalization episodes.

Single self-report item asking number of times hospitalized in past 3 months. Possible range 0 to 90. Higher score reflects greater hospitalization episodes.