Testing Sodium Hypochlorite and Hyaluronic Acid as an Adjunct to Non-Invasive Therapy for Stage III Periodontitis Management

This was assessed using O'Leary plaque index. The O'Leary Plaque Index records the presence or absence of dental plaque on four surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal, lingual) of each tooth. The score ranges from 0% (no plaque) to 100% (plaque on all surfaces), with lower percentages indicating better oral hygiene.

The Gingival Index of Löe and Silness was used to assess the severity of gingival inflammation based on color, consistency, and bleeding on probing across four areas per tooth. Scores range from 0 (normal gingiva) to 3 (severe inflammation with spontaneous bleeding), with higher scores indicating worse gingival health.

Probing Depth is the measurement of the distance from the gingival margin to the bottom of the periodontal pocket using a periodontal probe. Values typically range from 1-3 mm (healthy) to ≥5 mm (indicative of periodontal disease), with deeper pockets reflecting more severe attachment loss.

Clinical Attachment Loss measures the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the base of the periodontal pocket, indicating the extent of periodontal support lost. Values range from 0 mm (no attachment loss) to ≥5 mm or more (severe loss), with higher measurements reflecting greater periodontal destruction.

The bacteriological parameter by using Real Time PCR was used to evaluate the Porphyromonas gingivalis load.

Sub-gingival plaque samples were taken by removing of the supra-gingival plaque with curette and cotton pellets before inserting , sterile endodontic paper points in periodontal pocket and leaving them in situ for 10 seconds. The paper points were immediately transferred to sterile , dry cryovials . Paper points were stored frozen at -80 ºC immediately after sample collection until being processed with PCR.