Temporal Memory in Schizophrenic Patients

Treatment was conducted by two examiners, and participants' memory levels were tested before the start of the experiment using a flanker task and a numerical breadth task as baseline tests. The experimental procedure was divided into a learning phase, in which participants memorized the sequence of pictures, and a testing phase, in which participants were required to recall a picture presented after the probe item. Participants were randomly assigned in parallel to each stimulus type and learning strategy, with 25 receiving tdcs anodized stimuli, 25 receiving sham stimuli, and another 25 receiving tacs stimuli. And participants' inhibitory control continued to be tested using the flanker task before and after the stimuli for pre- and post-intervention comparisons.

Inclusion criteria

• Meeting the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5);
• Aged 18 years or older, regardless of gender, with an educational level of elementary school or above;
• All patients received stable-level antipsychotic medication treatment, were in a stable phase of disease treatment, able to understand the testing requirements, and cooperated to complete all research tasks;
• No history of neurological disorders or other serious physical illnesses, and no history of intellectual disability;
• No color blindness, color weakness, or other color vision impairments, with normal vision or corrected vision.

Exclusion criteria

• Clear cognitive impairment caused by somatic or cerebral organic lesions, such as cerebrovascular diseases, traumatic brain injury, etc;
• Individuals with mental disorders caused by substance dependence or abuse, or the use of psychoactive substances;
• History of brain injury or other central nervous system-related organic diseases;
• Individuals at significant risk of suicide or harming others;
• Participation in similar experiments in the past 30 days prior to baseline.