Telerehabilitation Based on Otago Exercises for Older Adults

Primary outcomes

1. The Edmonton Frail Scale

   Time frame: 8 months

   The scale consists of nine areas of vulnerability, which are considered to be the determinants of vulnerability. Among these vulnerability areas, general health status and drug use are evaluated with two questions, and other areas with a single question. The scale consists of 11 items in total. Two areas of cognitive and functional performance are tested using performance-based items. Clock testing is used for cognitive status and timed up-and-go testing is used for functional performance. The test takes less than five minutes to administer. The minimum total score is zero and the maximum score is 17. An increase in the total score obtained from the scale indicates that the severity of vulnerability increases. fragility to scale; It consists of five levels: not fragile, sensitive, slightly fragile, moderately fragile, and severely fragile. The Turkish version of the scale was found to be valid and reliable.

2. The Modified Falls Efficacy Scale

   Time frame: 8 months

   The Modified Fall Efficiency Scale is an expanded version of the Fall Efficiency Scale, which includes items questioning confidence during 4 different outdoor activities. The scale evaluates the sense of security related to activities of daily living (such as dressing, bathing, crossing) on a ten-point visual analog scale. 10 items of the scale are related to indoor activities and 4 items are related to outdoor activities. Items in the scale are scored between 0 (not confident) and 10 (completely sure) to assess the participants' self-efficacy regarding falling. The scale score is calculated by dividing the sum of the scores per question by the number of questions. A high score means a high sense of safety and competence against falling. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the questionnaire was conducted.

3. The Five-Dimensional European Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D-3L)

   Time frame: 8 months

   Consisting of five dimensions: movement, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, this scale was developed by the European Quality of Life Research Society (EuroQol) in 1990 to measure health-related quality of life. Each dimension of the scale is calculated over 3 points as no problem, some problem and major problem. In addition, individuals indicate their current health status by marking on a visual analog scale (0-100 points). The Turkish version was found to be valid and reliable.

4. The Timed Up and Go Test

   Time frame: 8 months

   The Timed Get Up and Go Test was developed in 1991 by Podsiadlo and Richardson. For the test, the individual is asked to get up from a standard chair, walk 3 meters, return and sit back in the chair. The duration begins with the individual getting up from the chair and ends with sitting down. The result is recorded in seconds.

5. The Four Step Balance Test

   Time frame: 8 months

   The test consists of four different tasks (feet together, semi-tandem, tandem, and standing on one leg) that become increasingly difficult in the standing position. After the patient regains his balance, the physiotherapist releases the support and the patient is asked to maintain the position. During this time, the time is kept and recorded in seconds. If the patient can hold the position for 10 seconds without moving his feet or needing support, the next position is passed.

6. The 30 sec Sit to Stand Test

   Time frame: 8 months

   The patient sits in a chair with a standard sitting height and backrest. They cross their hands on their chest. The patient is asked to sit and stand up from the chair as quickly as possible. The number of sitting and getting up is noted by keeping a 30-second timer with a stopwatch.