Telehealth Exercise and Mindfulness for Pain in Osteoarthritis

Number of participants that are randomized for the study

Proportion of sessions attended

Proportion of participants who complete patient-reported outcome surveys

Custom scale measuring feedback on interventionists and interventions. Scores range from 0-4 (0 - Strongly Disagree, 1 - Disagree, 2 - Neither Agree no Disagree, 3 - Agree, and 4 - Strongly Agree)

Custom 4-item (0-10 scale) to determine satisfaction with individual components of the intervention (i.e.,, exercise, mindfulness, telehealth, and overall satisfaction). There are 4 items and each item is scored separately. Higher scores for each item mean greater satisfaction for that dimension.

Patient-reported outcome for knee pain and disability; a percentage score from 0 to 100, 0 representing extreme problems and 100 representing no problems.

Assesses Pain Intensity and Interference. the response range is 0-10; the PEG scale score is the mean of the three individual item scores. Higher scores represent worse pain.

average rating of knee pain from 0-10, where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents worst pain imaginable, in the past week in a nominated activity selected at baseline

participant's rating of change in condition on a 14-point scale ranging from "a very great deal worse" to "a very great deal better". Values range from -7 to +7 (excluding 0). Score >=1 represent improvement and scores <= -1 represent worsening.

participant's assessment of impact of osteoarthritis on their general health on a 0-100 mm scale. higher scores represent higher impact of disease or worse global health

3-item scale which measures of catastrophizing related to pain. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale: 0 (Not at all) to 4 (all the time).

self-report on severity of cognitive symptoms such as fatigue, trouble thinking or remembering, waking up tired, and other physical symptoms such as headache, dizziness, etc. Each symptom is scored on a 4-point scale where 0 indicates no problem and 3 indicates severe problem. Scores are calculated by summing items, with higher scores (out of a maximum score of 12) indicating greater symptom severity.

self-report measure on presence of neuropathic pain. each question is scored from 0 to 5 where higher scores indicate higher gradation of pain. The final score is between -1 and 38 and a score of 19 and higher indicates higher likelihood of neuropathic pain

8-item questionnaire assessing depression symptoms. Each question is scored from 0 to 3 where higher scores indicate higher frequency of experiencing depressive symptoms. Total score is the sum of individual item scores. Score range is 0-24. Higher total scores indicate greater severity of depression

12-item scale on dispositional mindfulness. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (rarely/not at all) to 4 (almost always). Scores on the scale are summed. Higher scores reflect greater mindfulness.

4-item questionnaire to determine how one's fear avoidance beliefs contributes to the cognitive/affective part of their knee pain. Each item is scored from 0 to 6. Total scores are summation of each item scores. Range is 0-24. Higher total scores indicate greater fear of physical activity

Questionnaire to assess confidence in one's capacity to function despite pain. Each item in the questionnaire is scored on a 1-10 scale. It provides three subscales of pain, function, and other symptoms calculated as average of items contributing to that subscale. Range for each subscale is 1-10. Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy to manage osteoarthritis.

Measures three domains of pain self-efficacy: pain management, physical functioning, and coping with symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (very uncertain) to 100 (very certain). Score for each domain is the average of all items contributing to that domain. Higher total scores indicate greater self-efficacy to manage one's chronic pain.

66-word recognition adult health literacy test. Each correct pronunciation of word is scored as 1. The total score is classified into 1 to 4 reading grade levels where higher scores (61-66) represent ninth grade and above reading level

functional test that measures the time taken to sit and stand from chair five times

functional test that measures the maximal distance covered while walking at fast-pace for six minutes

functional test that measures comfortable walking speed as participant walks back and forth over 7 meters twice

functional test that measures the time taken to ascend and descend a flight of stairs

a test of pain sensitivity

a test of central pain sensitization

a test of descending pain modulation

a test of change in pain sensitivity after a bout of exercise

knee extensor isometric muscle strength

knee flexor isometric muscle strength

scale evaluating the usability and satisfaction of telehealth implementation and services. Each item is rated on a seven-point Likert scale, with a rating of one indicating disagree and a rating of seven indicating agree; higher ratings indicate better system usability

log of minutes and days spent doing strengthening exercises, aerobic exercises, and mindfulness practice (mindfulness practice only applicable to people in the TMX group). Survey also includes log of oral analgesic use.

6-item survey assessing participant's attitude and expectations of the intervention measured on a 5-point likert scale. higher scores indicate more positive attitude and expectations for the treatment

a survey that collects information about the treatments the individual has undertaken for their knee osteoarthritis

8-item scale measuring one's perceived ability and comfort with accessing digital services for health information. each item is rated on a 5-point likert scale. total scores are summed. higher scores indicate greater perceived skills at using online health information to help solve health problems