Technology-Assisted Stepped Care Study

The Propeller Health monitoring system includes a Bluetooth enabled sensor that attaches to the patient's inhaler. This sensor records every dose, or "puff", the patient takes and sends it to a corresponding online database that is accessible to study staff. Participants will be given this sensor at baseline.

The mobile spirometer records multiple parameters of the patient's lung function including forced expiratory volume, peak expiratory flow, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory flow. The spirometer sends the values to the corresponding mobile phone application, Propeller Health, which is directly accessible to the patient.

The participants' composite asthma severity index score will be calculated through the TreatSmart program. TreatSmart will be used to determine the participant's symptom burden, health care utilization, systemic corticosteroid use, and current medication use to determine the level of asthma severity/control the participant has. The program also makes an initial treatment recommendation based on the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP asthma guidelines). Individuals are placed in Step 1 through Step 6 depending on the strength and frequency of their inhaled corticosteroid (1 being low dose and 6 being a high dose). In addition, individuals are categorized as very poorly controlled, not well controlled, or well controlled based on how frequently they have had asthma symptoms or used their rescue inhaler, gone to the hospital or urgent care, or received steroids for asthma symptoms.

The ACT will be used as a measure of disease severity in this study. The ACT is a 5-question scoring tool designed for patients with asthma who are 12 years and older. The questions ask the patient to rate their asthma severity, symptom frequency, control, and inhaler use on a scale of 1-5. The total score is calculated by the sum of each response, which determines how well-controlled the patient's asthma is on a scale from 5-25.

Participation rates will be measured 3 different ways. The first measure will be how often participants accessed the electronic material (educational materials and/or Propeller Health app), the second measure will be how many responses to directive text messaging were received, and the third measure will be attendance to the telehealth sessions.

A 5-31 item measure of format, content, length, skills and acceptability of the intervention will be given to participants in the form of a questionnaire at the end of each step and the end of the study. The feasibility section is on a scale of 0 to 4, 0 being the worst and 4 being the best. The acceptability questionnaire is on a scale from 'Not at all' to 'Very,' 'Not at all' being the worst and 'Very' being the best.

A 10 item, Likert scale giving a global view of usability will be given to participants in the form of a questionnaire at the end of each step and at the end of the study. The scale ranges from 'Strongly Disagree' to 'Strongly Agree, with half of the items reverse scored.

A 4 item measure of participants' belief that the intervention is acceptable will be given at the end of the study. Participants respond to each statement on a 5 point Likert scale (1= Completely Disagree, 5= Completely Agree).

A 4 item measure of participants' perception that the intervention is appropriate will be given at the end of the study. Participants respond to each statement on a 5 point Likert scale (1= Completely Disagree, 5= Completely Agree).

A 4 item measure of participants' belief that the intervention is feasible will be given at the end of the study. Participants respond to each statement on a 5 point Likert scale (1= Completely Disagree, 5= Completely Agree).

Treatment fidelity needed for the intervention will be assessed. Treatment fidelity will be assessed through fidelity checklists created specifically for each intervention session.

Sessions will be timed and the number of weeks to complete the session will be tracked to determine the average length of time needed for the intervention.

19 item measure of interventionist views toward the study intervention.

The BASC-3 is a widely used, reliable (α= 0.94 - 0.96 , test-retest r= 0.81 -0.82), and valid inventory to assess emotional and behavioral symptoms in adolescents and young adults (ages 13-21).

The AMBS is an 18-item validated measure of perceived barriers to medication adherence in adolescents.

A 15- item measure of participant's competence, autonomy, and relatedness in using technology. Participants rate their level of agreement to each statement on a 5- point Likert scale (1= Do Not Agree, 5= Strongly Agree).

A 10-item measure of why people adopt use of a technology (i.e. download an app, register with a website, purchase a wearable device, etc.).Participants respond to self-regulation statements on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 being 'not at all true' and 5 being 'very true.'

An 8-item measure of participant's competence, autonomy, and relatedness in managing their asthma using technology. Participants rate their level of agreement to each statement on a 5- point Likert scale (1= Do Not Agree, 5= Strongly Agree).

The TENS-Life is a 10- item measure of the extent to which a user perceives that the use of a particular technology has had an influence on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in their life. Participants rate their level of agreement to each statement on a 5- point Likert scale (1= Do Not Agree, 5= Strongly Agree).

A 13-item questionnaire assessing individual's knowledge of asthma symptoms, triggers, and medications. Participants rate their level of agreement to each statement on a scale from 'Strongly Agree' to 'Strongly Disagree.' This questionnaire will be completed at the baseline visit.

A 19-item validated questionnaire assessing the financial strain of individuals within a household.