TDM of Generic Lopinavir/Ritonavir 200/50 mg

The original solid oral formulation of lopinavir/ritonavir was a soft gel capsule (SGC) in a 133/33 mg formulation. This formulation requires refrigerated storage and need to be administered with food[4]. Recently Abbott developed a new formulation of this fixed combination, a 200/50 mg tablet (Aluvia). This formulation showed to be bioequivalence to the old formulation, don't need refrigerated storage and has diminished food effect[5].

This are profound advantages for the developing world, but till now Aluvia is not available in Thailand yet, and if it will, the price might be an issue for most of the HIV-infected Thai patients.

The Indian company Matrix has produced the generic formulation of Abbott's Aluvia. In Indian healthy volunteers this tablet formulation has proven to be bioequivalent to Abbott's Aluvia in a 400/100 mg bid dosing (unpublished data). Implementing this drug in Thai clinical practice will save a huge amount of costs and, as a result, will make the second line regimen more accessible for the Thai HIV-infected population. We expect that the BE data from the Indian population can be extrapolated to the Thai population, but to confirm this and in order to register this drug in Thailand an extensive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of 100 patients has to be done. To meet these regulatory criteria HIVNAT will coordinate and assess a TDM trial in Thai HIV-infected patients who are eligible for using the generic 200/50 mg lopinavir/ritonavir tablets 200/50 mg.

This is open-label, single-center phase-II trial in 100 HIV-infected subjects. Patients can be either treatment-naïve or treatment-experienced when entering this clinical trial. After meeting the in- and exclusion criteria, patients will start with lopinavir/ritonavir new formulation 400/100 mg bid with a low fat diet, plus 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The choice of the 2 NRTIs is at the discretion of the investigator. Only patient who are on Kaletra SGC will undergo TDM sampling at baseline. Although the paper of Klein et al. showed diminished food effect[5] we still will advice our patient to take it with food, until more data on the generic product becomes available, confirming the lack of food effect on the pharmacokinetics.

Once patients are included a (generic) lopinavir/ritonavir based regimen will be designed and initiated. Patients who were on a Kaletra SGC based regimen before baseline will undergo TDM at base line. Therapeutic drug monitoring of lopinavir will be done after 4 weeks, to ensure steady state. At baseline and week 4 safety data will be obtained.

After the first 30 patients showed good bioavailibility, the other 70 subjects will be followed up for total of 48 weeks to obtain safety and efficacy data

Inclusion criteria

• Signed informed consent
• Evidence of HIV infection (confirmed positive ELISA and/or documented history of measurable HIV RNA)
• Age> 18 years
• On a standard PI containing HAART regimen with 2 NRTIs with a VL < 50 copies for at least 12 weeks OR ARV-naive patients, or patient on a NNRTI based regimen
• Currently having no AIDS defining illness
• Willing to adhere to the protocol requirements

Exclusion criteria

• Any history of taking CYP450 inhibitors or inducers, or any gastric acid-reducing drugs within 14 days of enrollment in the study
• Current pregnancy or lactating
• Active opportunistic infection
• ALT/ AST more than 2 x upper limit
• creatinine more than 1.5 time the upper limit
• Relevant history or current condition, illness that might interfere with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion
• History of sensitivity/idiosyncrasy to the drug or chemically related compounds or excipients which may be employed in the study.
• Active drug abuse