Targeting Large-scale Networks in Depression With Real-time fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Neurofeedback

During the second phase of the project healthy participants (approximately 12) will have three study visits (two fMRIs) over 2-4 weeks.

Note: As the study is a feasibility/development study, alterations of the task design for the primary outcome measures will be done to achieve objectives of developing at task that recruits from the target region (salience network). In phase 1 of the study, changes to the task are ongoing, and the same may occur for phase 2 in order to develop a viable neurofeedback paradigm. Therefore, detailed descriptions of the outcome measures are not entered at this time, as we don't know exactly what those are. When we do, the entry will be updated.

Note: As of 7/26/2024, the study is rolling back from 'Completed' to 'Recruiting' status in order to include more healthy controls and temporarily resume active development of the task design.

Inclusion criteria

(phase 2 participants):

• Ability and willingness to give informed consent to participate
• Not taking any medication, prescription or non-prescription, with psychotropic effects (birth control medications allowed)
• If a woman of child-bearing age, not pregnant or trying to become pregnant
• No history of serious neurological illness (including, but not limited to, seizures/epilepsy) or current medical condition that could compromise brain function, such as liver failure
• No history of closed head injury (see protocol for more details)
• Ability to tolerate small, enclosed spaces without anxiety
• No metals, implants or metallic substances within or on the body that might cause adverse effects to the subject in a strong magnetic field, or interfere with image acquisition
• Size compatible with scanner gantry

Exclusion criteria

(phase 2 participants):

• History of past or current mental illness (except for simple phobias), but prior history of substance dependence ok if in remission for greater than 5 years