Surgery vs. Radical Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal SCC After Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy

Inclusion criteria

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Based on the study protocol, the Inclusion Criteria translated into English are as follows:

• Age 18-75 years, any sex.
• ECOG Performance Status 0-1.
• Histologically confirmed, previously untreated thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
• Clinical stage cT2N0M0, T3N0-2M0 (AJCC 8th Edition), assessed as resectable with a potential for R0 resection by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), PET-CT, and contrast-enhanced CT. Patients with cervical lymph node metastasis may also be included if deemed suitable for three-field lymphadenectomy by a multidisciplinary team assessment.
• Adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal function:

• Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L, Platelet count ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L, Hemoglobin ≥ 90 g/L.
• Alanine aminotransferase / Aspartate aminotransferase ≤ 2.5 × Upper Limit of Normal, Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × Upper Limit of Normal.
• Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 × Upper Limit of Normal or Creatinine clearance ≥ 60 mL/min.
• Signed written informed consent form (ICF).

Exclusion criteria

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Based on the study protocol, the Exclusion Criteria you listed translate into English as follows:

• History of other malignancy within the past 5 years.
• Active autoimmune disease.
• Active Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) / Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
• Severe cardiac or pulmonary insufficiency (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction < 50%, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second < 1 L).
• Pregnancy or lactation.