Supporting Social & Economic Equity, Disrupting Cycles of Homelessness, And Nurturing Growth & Empowerment

Recruitment, enrolment, and dropout metrics were documented by the research team.

The recruitment total is the total number of individuals who express interest in participating in the study.

The enrolment total is the total number of recruited individuals who are eligible and consent to participate in the study.

The dropout total is the total number of enrolled participants who drop out during the study. Participants are considered to have dropped out of the study if they explicitly request to withdraw from the study, or cease participating in all intervention and research activities (i.e., no contact).

Employment placement engagement is defined as the length of time participants remain in their job placement (self-reported).

Coaching Engagement is defined as the proportion of total possible coaching sessions (max. 36) that a participant attends (reported by coaches).

Group Program Engagement is defined as the proportion of total possible Tools for Intentional Living program sessions that a participant attends (reported by program facilitators).

Community Connections Worker Engagement is defined as the total number of sessions a participant attends with their Community Connections Worker (reported by workers).

Employment is assessed by self-report; participants are asked whether they are currently working (in their study job placement or elsewhere). Employment rate will be reported as the number of participants who are currently employed.

Education and training is assessed by self-report; participants are asked whether they are currently attending secondary or post-secondary classes or participating in a training/trades program. Education rate will be reported as the number of participants who are currently in an education or training program.

Housing security is assessed using the Housing Security Scale V.3. This 19-item self-report measure explores domains related to: housing need; subjective stability; safety net; threats to stability.

Housing need is a 2-item composite dichotomous indicator (Yes=presence of housing need [i.e., poor housing security]). Subjective Stability is a 5-item subscale (range 5-30); higher scores indicate greater housing security. Safety Net is a 3-item subscale (range 3-18); higher scores indicate greater housing security. Threats to Stability is a 7-item subscale (range 3-18); higher scores indicate poorer housing security. Two additional items assessing Housing History are reported separately and are not part of any subscale.

Income is self-reported; participants are asked their average monthly income (including income from their job placement, additional jobs, and social assistance).

Food insecurity is self-reported; participants are asked three yes/no questions about their food insecurity in the past six months. A participant is deemed food insecure if they answer affirmative to one or more of the questions.

The questions are: Did you ever worry that your food would run out before you had money to buy more? Did you ever cut the size of your meals or skip meals because you did not have enough money for food? Were you ever hungry but did not eat because you could not afford enough food?

Social connectedness is assessed using the Social Connectedness Scale - Revised. This 20-item self-report measure examines an individual's sense of belonging and connection with others. Higher scores indicate stronger perceived social connectedness.

Social support is assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Survey. This 19-item self-report measure examines perceived social support across multiple dimensions, such as emotional support, tangible support, and affectionate support. Higher scores reflect greater perceived support.

Self-esteem is assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. This 10-item self-report measure examines positive and negative feelings about oneself. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-esteem.

Hope is assessed using the Beck Hopelessness Scale. This 20-item self-report measure explores an individual's expectations about the future. Higher scores indicate greater hopelessness.

Self-efficacy is assessed using the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. This 10-item self-report measure assesses an individual's belief in their ability to cope with demands and unexpected situations. Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy.