Studying the Workflow of the American College of Surgeons Geriatric Surgery Program to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults Undergoing Surgery at the James Cancer Hospital

Patient-level completion of the core ACS GSV care bundle, defined as completed goals-of-care documentation, completed G8 geriatric vulnerability screening, and, among patients with a positive G8 screen, documented referral to the Cancer Aging and Resiliency Clinic or documented rationale for referral deferral.

Measured as the percentage of eligible patients who complete the core ACS GSV care bundle. The bundle is defined as completed goals-of-care documentation, completed G8 geriatric vulnerability screening, and, among patients with a positive G8 screen, documented referral to the Cancer Aging and Resiliency Clinic or documented rationale for referral deferral.

Patient hospital length of stay after surgery, measured in days using electronic health record data.Measured in days from admission to discharge for the index surgical hospitalization using electronic health record data.

Percentage of eligible patients with completed goals-of-care documentation in the electronic health record using the institutional goals-of-care documentation workflow.

Percentage of eligible patients who complete G8 geriatric vulnerability screening as part of the ACS GSV implementation workflow.

Cost of ACS GSV implementation estimated using a micro-costing approach, including personnel time, training, workflow development, electronic health record optimization, and other implementation-related resources.

Among patients with a positive G8 screen, percentage with documented referral to the Cancer Aging and Resiliency Clinic or documented rationale for referral deferral.

Composite fidelity score based on a structured checklist mapped to ACS GSV Standards 2 through 5. Checklist elements are coded as present or absent, weighted by clinical importance, and scaled from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater fidelity to ACS GSV implementation.

Measured as a composite fidelity score on a 0 to 100 scale, with higher scores indicating greater fidelity to ACS GSV implementation. The score is based on a structured checklist mapped to ACS GSV Standards 2 through 5. Checklist elements are coded as present or absent and weighted by clinical importance.

Clinician and staff acceptability of ACS GSV implementation measured using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure. Higher scores indicate greater perceived acceptability.

Measured using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure, a validated four-item implementation outcome instrument. Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater perceived acceptability among clinicians and staff.

Clinician and staff perceived appropriateness of ACS GSV implementation measured using the Intervention Appropriateness Measure. Higher scores indicate greater perceived appropriateness. Measured using the Intervention Appropriateness Measure, a validated four-item implementation outcome instrument. Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater perceived appropriateness among clinicians and staff.

Clinician and staff perceived feasibility of ACS GSV implementation measured using the Feasibility of Intervention Measure. Higher scores indicate greater perceived feasibility. Measured using the Feasibility of Intervention Measure, a validated four-item implementation outcome instrument. Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater perceived feasibility among clinicians and staff.

Percentage of patients with an unplanned hospital readmission within 30 days after discharge from the index surgical hospitalization. Measured as the percentage of patients with an unplanned hospital readmission within 30 days after discharge from the index surgical hospitalization.

Percentage of patients with one or more postoperative complications after surgery, identified from electronic health record data. Measured as the percentage of patients with one or more postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery, identified from electronic health record data.

Percentage of patients who die after surgery, identified from electronic health record data. Measured as the percentage of patients who die within 30 days after surgery, identified from electronic health record data.

Patient discharge destination after the index surgical hospitalization, categorized as home, home with services, inpatient rehabilitation, skilled nursing facility, long-term acute care facility, hospice, or other discharge destination.Measured as the percentage of patients discharged to each destination category after the index surgical hospitalization, including home, home with services, inpatient rehabilitation, skilled nursing facility, long-term acute care facility, hospice, or other discharge destination.