Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tenapanor as Adjunctive Therapy to Phosphate Binder Therapy

The study consists of a Screening visit; a Run-in Period of at least 2 weeks and up to 4 weeks, where existing phosphate binder treatment is maintained; and a 4-week Double-Blind Treatment Period.

At Screening, a subject must be on thrice daily phosphate binder therapy and have a serum phosphate (s-P) level ≥5.5 and ≤10.0 mg/dL to qualify for entering the study. s-P will be measured at each visit during the run-in period to enable the evaluation of the s-P randomization criteria.

Subjects who qualify to enroll in the study will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive tenapanor or placebo while continuing their existing phosphate binder treatment.

During the Double-Blind Treatment Period, subjects will receive tenapanor or placebo starting at a dose of 30 mg bid

Inclusion criteria

• Signed and dated informed consent prior to any study specific procedures.
• Males or females aged 18 to 80 years, inclusive, at Screening
• Females must be non-pregnant, non-lactating and either be post-menopausal for at least -2 months, have documentation of irreversible surgical sterilization, use of acceptable -contraceptive method, or sexual abstinence, or a sterile sexual partner from Screening -until 30 days after the last subject visit.
• Males must agree to avoid fathering a child (or donating sperm), and therefore be either sterile (documented) or agree to use approved methods of contraception, from the time of enrollment until 30 days after end of study.
• Chronic maintenance hemodialysis (HD) 3x/week for at least 3 months or chronic maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD) for a minimum of 6 months.
• If receiving active vitamin D or calcimimetics, the dose should have been unchanged for the last 4 weeks prior to Screening.
• Kt/V ≥1.2 at most recent measurement prior to Screening.
• Prescribed and taking phosphate binder medication at least 3 times per day, and the prescribed dose should have been unchanged during the last 4 weeks prior to Screening.
• Serum phosphorus levels must be ≥5.5 and ≤10.0 mg/dL at Screening and the end of the run-in period, analyzed at the central laboratory used in the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Severe hyperphosphatemia defined as having an s-P level >10.0 mg/dL on phosphate-binders at any time point during routine clinical monitoring for the 3 preceding months before Screening.
• Serum/plasma parathyroid hormone >1200 pg/mL.
• Clinical signs of hypovolemia at Screening as judged by the Investigator.
• History of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).
• Scheduled for living donor kidney transplant or plans to relocate to another center during the study period.
• Use of an investigational agent within 30 days prior to Screening.
• Involvement in the planning and/or conduct of the study (applies to both Ardelyx/Contract Research Organization (CRO) staff and/or staff at the study site).
• If, in the opinion of the Investigator, the subject is unable or unwilling to fulfill the requirements of the protocol or has a condition which would render the results uninterpretable.