Study on the Intervention Effect of Denosumab on High-Risk Patients With Osteoporotic Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes

Inclusion criteria

• Confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (based on the "China Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes (2024 Edition)").
• Males aged ≥50 years; females aged ≥45 years and postmenopausal for more than 2 years.
• Duration of diabetes >10 years; or presence of at least one of the following conditions: ①diabetic retinopathy; ②urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)≥ 30 mg/g; ③estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 mL/min/1.73 m²; ④coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; ⑤ischemic stroke; ⑥transient ischemic attack; ⑦ atherosclerosis of the carotid, cerebral, or lower-extremity arteries with ≥50% luminal stenosis.
• Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤ 8.0 % measured within 1 month
• History of hip or vertebral fragility fractures; or history of fragility fractures at other sites (excluding the skull, feet, and hands) with a T-score of <-1.0 at the femoral neck, total hip, or any L1-L4 site; or a T-score of <-2.0 at the femoral neck, total hip, or any L1-L4 site.
• In the BMD measurement at lumbar vertebrae L1-L4, at least two or more vertebral bodies must meet the evaluable criteria.
• Signed informed consent form, willing to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

• Diseases that cause secondary osteoporosis: a. Various metabolic bone diseases, such as osteomalacia, primary hyperparathyroidism, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget's disease, etc.; b. Cushing's syndrome; c. Hyperprolactinemia; d. Others;
• Malignant tumors within the past 5 years, except for those expected to be cured after treatment (e.g., completely resected in situ basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, cervical cancer, or ductal carcinoma of the breast);
• Received intravenous bisphosphonate treatment within the past 2 years or oral bisphosphonate treatment within the past 1 year;
• History or current diagnosis of osteomyelitis or osteonecrosis of the jaw; unhealed dental or oral surgical wounds; acute dental or jaw conditions requiring oral surgery; planned to undergo invasive dental surgery during the study period;
• Received denosumab, teriparatide, or romosozumab treatment within the past 6 months;
• Continuous use of calcitonin for more than 3 months within the past year;
• Use of glucocorticoids (equivalent to>5 mg/day prednisone) for more than 10 days within the past 6 weeks;
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D<10ng/mL;
• Active infections requiring systemic treatment;
• Uncontrolled comorbidities, including New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or above heart failure, severe arrhythmias, severe hepatic insufficiency (alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase>3 times the upper limit of normal), severe renal insufficiency (eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73 m²);
• Hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, or hypercalciuria (Note: hypercalciuria is defined as a urinary calcium/creatinine ratio > 0.5 mg/mg, or 24-hour urinary calcium > 7.5 mmol).;
• Allergy to the study drug;
• Currently participating in other clinical trials of drugs;
• Subjects deemed unsuitable for enrollment in this study by the investigator.