Study on the Improvement of Metabolic Indicators in Type 1 Diabetes Patients

Inclusion criteria

• ≥ 18 years old;
• It meets the WHO diagnostic criteria for diabetes and is diagnosed as type 1 diabetes;
• Capable and willing to participate in a 12 hour structured education course training;
• Capable and willing to accept regular outpatient follow-up visits;
• Voluntarily participate in this study and sign informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Non adult type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and other special types of diabetes;
• Severe microvascular complications: proliferative retinopathy; Urinary albumin/creatinine>300mg/g, or 24-hour urinary protein quantification>1g/d; Uncontrolled painful diabetes neuropathy and significant diabetes autonomic neuropathy;
• Individuals who have undergone vascular intervention or amputation due to acute cerebrovascular accidents, acute coronary syndrome, or peripheral arterial disease requiring hospitalization within the first 3 months of selection;
• Blood pressure remains above 180/110mmHg and cannot be controlled within 160/110mmHg within one week;
• Blood creatinine clearance rate is less than 30ml/min/1.73m2 (calculated according to CKDEPI formula), alanine aminotransferase is ≥ 3 times the normal upper limit, total bilirubin is ≥ 2 times the normal upper limit and lasts for more than 1 week;
• Have used drugs that may affect blood sugar for more than one week within the past 12 weeks, such as oral/intravenous glucocorticoids, growth hormone, estrogen/progesterone, high-dose diuretics, antipsychotic drugs, etc; However, low-dose diuretics for blood pressure lowering purposes (hydrochlorothiazide<25mg/d, indapamide ≤ 1.5mg/d), as well as physiological doses of thyroid hormones used for replacement therapy, are not subject to this restriction;
• Systemic infection or severe accompanying diseases; Patients with malignant tumors or chronic diarrhea;
• Other situations that cause participants to be unable to cooperate in completing the study, such as severe cognitive impairment, mental illness, etc.
• The subject is uncooperative, unable to follow up, or the researcher determines that they may have difficulty completing the study.
• Other situations deemed unsuitable for inclusion by researchers. The research doctor will determine whether you are suitable to participate in this study based on your actual situation and the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the research plan.