Study on Artificial Intelligence-Based Facial and Speech-Related Patterns in Parkinson's Disease and Their Digital Biomarkers

Inclusion criteria

• Inclusion Criteria for Parkinson's Disease (PD) Group: (1) Diagnostic Criteria: Meet the diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease established by the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) in 2015. (2) Age Range: 18-75 years old. (3) Disease Severity: Early-stage PD: Hoehn-Yahr score ≤ 2.5 points. Mid-to-late-stage PD: Hoehn-Yahr score 2.5-5 points. (4) Consent for Data Collection: Willing to undergo facial expression video and speech audio recording. (5) Informed Consent: Signed informed consent form.
• Inclusion Criteria for Parkinson's Plus Syndromes (MSA-P, PSP) Group: (1) Age Range: 18-75 years old. (2) Diagnostic Criteria: MSA patients must meet the diagnostic criteria established by the [Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy, 2017]. PSP patients must meet the diagnostic criteria established by the [Chinese Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, 2016 Edition]. (3) Consent for Data Collection: Willing to undergo facial expression video and speech audio recording. (4) Informed Consent: Signed informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

• History of cerebrovascular disease, head trauma, hydrocephalus, brain tumors, or intracranial surgery.
• Presence of metal implants, cardiac pacemakers, or other metallic foreign bodies (applies to PD patients).
• Severe dyskinesia in PD patients that would compromise cooperation with video/audio recording.
• Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤ 24 points.