Study of Sorafenib and Palliative Radiotherapy in Kidney Cancer That Spreads to the Bone

Eligibility Criteria

• Eligible patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed metastatic RCC that is judged to be incurable with standard therapy.
• Patients must have at least one radiographically-evident symptomatic (> 2/10 on the Brief Pain Inventory) bone metastasis that is amenable to palliative radiation. Multiple symptomatic bone metastases may be irradiated at the same time. However, if more than one symptomatic bone metastasis is identified, one will be chosen as the index lesion for reporting purposes.
• No planned change in analgesic medications.
• No planned increase in regular analgesic medications.
• No prior surgery to the index lesion, although previous surgery for other metastatic disease is permissible if > 4 weeks prior to study registration.
• Patients may have had up to two previous lines of systemic treatment for metastatic RCC, including prior treatment with sorafenib or another similar multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, if completed >4 weeks prior to study registration.
• Patients may not have had previous radiotherapy to the index lesion. Patients may have had previous radiotherapy to other metastases if completed > 4 weeks prior to study registration. Patients must have recovered from the acute side effects of radiotherapy prior to study registration.
• Age >18 years.
• Life expectancy of greater than 3 months.
• ECOG performance status < 2 (Karnofsky > 60).
• Patients must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below:

i. Absolute neutrophil count >1.5 x109 /L ii. Platelet count >75 x109 /L iii. Total bilirubin < 1.5 x ULN iv. AST (SGOT) / ALT (SGPT) < 2.5 × institutional ULN or < 5 x institutional ULN if liver metastases v. Creatinine <1.7 x ULN or vi. Creatinine clearance > 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 vii. International Normalized Ratio (INR) < 1.5 viii. Hemoglobin value Hb > 80 g/L ix. Serum phosphate level > 0.80 mmol/L x. Serum lipase, normal values (range of 5-208 U/L) xi. Serum amylase, normal values (range 30-110 U/L)

• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
• The effects of sorafenib on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose are unknown. Women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Effective methods of birth control would include a barrier method (e.g. condoms, diaphragm) combined with spermicide, or an intrauterine device (IUD). Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.

Exclusion criteria

• Serious medical condition that might be aggravated by treatment, including but not limited to: myocardial infarction within 6 months, congestive heart failure, unstable angina, active cardiomyopathy, unstable ventricular arrhythmia, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled psychotic disorders, serious infections, active peptic ulcer disease, active liver disease, or cerebrovascular disease with previous stroke.
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agent concurrently or within 4 weeks of study registration. Patients receiving other molecularly-targeted treatments for RCC off of study, including inhibitors of angiogenesis or mTOR, will be eligible for this study after a 1 week wash-out period.
• Patients with clinical or radiological evidence of spinal cord compression are ineligible.
• Patients who are at high risk of pathologic fracture and appropriate for surgical intervention are ineligible.
• Patients who are planned for palliative surgical intervention to the index lesion or adjacent bone are ineligible.
• Pregnant or lactating women are excluded from this study because the safety of sorafenib has not been established in these circumstances.
• Patients with immune deficiency are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated with marrow-suppressive therapy. Therefore, HIV-positive patients receiving combination anti-retroviral therapy are excluded from the study because of possible pharmacokinetic interactions with sorafenib.
• Patients with other active malignancies other than non-melanoma skin cancer are excluded.
• Patients who have had significant surgical procedures requiring a general anaesthetic (for example, open laparotomy or thoracotomy) within the past month
• Patients who possess significant unhealed wounds or ulcers
• Patients with any bleeding or clotting disorder
• Patient taking greater than 325mg of aspirin per day
• Patients with diabetes mellitus will be ineligible for the PET-CT components of the study, but will remain eligible to receive sorafenib.
• Patients who are currently taking rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, dexamethasone and St. John's Wort.