Study of New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods of the Brain

Objective

The goal of this protocol is to improve spatial resolution and contrast in MRI studies of brain anatomy and function, by developing novel hardware, and image acquisition and reconstruction techniques. Specifically, by improving MRI image quality and manipulating MRI contrast, we aim to better characterize and quantify structural, chemical, and blood flow variations across the brain, and study their relationship with neuronal activity. For this purpose, we will develop and optimize novel MRI techniques on normal, healthy volunteers, and combine these with EEG and recording of other physiological signals.

Study Population

Any healthy, male or female volunteer 18 years of age and older; the subjects must be capable of understanding the procedures and requirements of this study and be willing to sign an informed consent document.

Design

This is a technical development study design to develop and evaluate new MR technology for performing MRI and functional MRI in the CNS with novel contrasts and with a high spatial resolution.

Outcome Measures

The primary outcome of this study will be the ability to acquire anatomical and functional images of the human brain with high spatial resolution, i.e., 200-500 micron and 750-1000 micron respectively. In addition, developed techniques will allow the robust measurement of specific tissue properties, including diffusion, structural anisotropy, iron and myelin content, perfusion, and metabolite concentrations. The relative merits of blood flow and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) techniques, and their particular spatial and temporal signal characteristics will be established. It will be determined whether information valuable to interpret BOLD fMRI can be derived from EEG and other physiological signals.

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:
• 18 years of age and older
• in good general health
• able to understand the procedures and requirements and give informed consent

Exclusion criteria

All Subjects will undergo a neurological physical and answer the Healthy volunteer form, and the most-recent version of the NMR safety screening form

A subject will be excluded if he/she:

• has any metal implant or objects of unknown identity or composition, or if it s known to be non-compatible with MRI, such as pacemakers, medication pumps, aneurysm clips, metallic prosthesis (such as heart valves or cochlear implants), certain orthopedic implants (pins and rods), shrapnel, or small metal fragments in the eye;
• has claustrophobia;
• cannot lie comfortably for up to 120 minutes;
• underwent brain surgery or suffered a traumatic head trauma;
• has migraines that require medication;
• has ever been hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder;
• has medical health problems such as pulmonary or airway disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and uncontrolled hypertension which would require physiological monitoring during the scan;
• has a history of any medical condition that could result in an emergency medical situation while undergoing the MRI scan;
• has hearing problems which would make it difficult to tolerate scanner noise;
• is pregnant;
• has body/make-up tattoos (e.g. lips, eyebrows, eyeliner). Each tattoo will be considered on a case-to-case basis, taking into account of the age and location of the tattoo;
• has a sleep apnea diagnosis;
• has a neurological disorder, such as Stroke, Parkinson s, and Epilepsy;
• a member of the NINDS Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging.

The contraindications to MRI at the various field strengths are almost identical, except the 7 T also excludes subjects with gold dental crowns.