Study of 99mTc-glucarate to Detect Acute Coronary Syndrome in Chest Pain Patients.

Acute coronary syndrome encompasses a range of coronary artery diseases, including unstable angina and both ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Differentiating ACS from noncardiac chest pain remains a challenge in the emergency department (ED). Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for ischemia has been used to rule ACS in or out among chest pain patients with nondiagnostic ECGs upon presentation to the ED. Several studies have shown a high negative predictive value of MPI for ruling out acute ischemia in the emergency setting. Although myocardial imaging with perfusion agents provides important information for risk-stratifying stable post-ACS patients, this method is of limited value in patients with prior history of CAD, since these patients will often have abnormal resting perfusion patterns, thereby precluding the ability to differentiate old infarcts from new ischemic events. 99mTc-glucarate does not detect old MIs and thus should provide an improvement in specificity in the imaging of ACS patients with previous CAD.

This study proposes to extend the evaluation of 99mTc-glucarate imaging by studying its ability to detect ACS in chest pain patients with no obvious signs of AMI but with known CAD, in the setting of the ED. Unlike MPI, 99mTc-glucarate imaging will not detect old MIs, thereby providing an advantage in specificity of the technique.

Inclusion criteria

• Chest pain of recent onset (less than 24 hours) and of greater than 5-minute duration, consistent with ACS;
• History of CAD;
• Creatinine level less than 3.5 mg per deciliter;
• Female patients who are: surgically sterile (hysterectomy or bilateral tubule libation), at least one year post-menopausal, or have a negative pregnancy test on the day of treatment; and
• Written informed consent.
• This research is being supported by the NIH/NHLBI which requires a minimum 50% participation from women. Efforts should be made to enroll equal numbers of men and women at each clinical site.

Exclusion criteria

• ECG changes diagnostic of AMI;
• A cardiac revascularization procedure within the last 2 weeks (non-revascularization procedures such as cardiac catheterization, stress test or echocardiography are acceptable);
• An alternate diagnosis more probable than ACS;
• Presence of pericarditis, myocarditis, acute aortic dissection, pneumothorax, or pulmonary embolism (PE);
• Patients with uncontrolled severe heart failure at the time of enrollment (NYHA class III and IV).
• Other serious or life-threatening disease that might preclude a subject from completing this study;
• Clinically essential procedures with which this protocol may interfere;
• Previous 99mTc-based diagnostic test within the last 24 hours;
• Female subjects who are pregnant or lactating;