Study EHR Risk Stratification Tools

Total count of prediabetes-related healthcare utilization defined as the sum of outpatient visits to endocrinology, repeat hemoglobin A1c tests, and new prescriptions for diabetes-related medications following the index A1c result.

Total number of repeat hemoglobin A1c laboratory tests performed after the index test. This measure reflects follow-up glycemic testing and serves as an indicator of diabetes-related monitoring and healthcare utilization.

Total number of prescriptions issued for medications commonly used for glycemic management (e.g., metformin) following the index hemoglobin A1c result. This outcome captures initiation of pharmacologic treatment related to diabetes risk.

Total count of outpatient visits across all specialties following the index A1c result

Total number of outpatient referrals to an endocrinologist occurring after the index hemoglobin A1c laboratory result. This measure is used to quantify diabetes-related specialty care utilization potentially associated with interpretation of the laboratory result communication.

Number of participants with an electronic referral order placed to clinical nutrition services documented in the electronic health record after release of the hemoglobin A1c result.

Number of participants with an electronic referral order placed to diabetes education services documented in the electronic health record after release of the hemoglobin A1c result.

Number of participants who complete an outpatient endocrinology encounter documented in the electronic health record after laboratory result notification. Visit completion will be identified using encounter records associated with endocrinology clinic services.

Number of participants who complete an outpatient visit with clinical nutrition services documented in the electronic health record following laboratory result notification. Completion will be determined using encounter data associated with nutrition services.

Number of participants who complete an outpatient visit with diabetes education services documented in the electronic health record following laboratory result notification. Completion will be determined using encounter data associated with diabetes education.

Count of MyChart Test Result Messages

Count of telephone encounters to ordering provider

Patient-reported quality of life assessed using survey responses evaluating overall physical, mental, and health-related well-being following receipt of lab result communication.

Self-reported physical function asking about ability to perform activities such as household chores, stair climbing, walking, and running errands following receipt of lab result communication. This measure uses structured survey items to evaluate whether receipt of A1c lab result communication is associated with changes in exercise.

Patient-reported dietary behaviors following receipt of lab result, including eating patterns, appetite, satiety, and food-related changes or restrictions due to concerns about lab results. These behaviors are assessed to understand potential impacts on health and weight-related decision-making. This measure uses structured survey items to evaluates whether receipt of A1c lab result communication is associated with changes dietary behaviors.

Patient-reported understanding of lab report and emotional response to result communication, including perceived clarity, reassurance, and level of concern, assessed using structured survey items designed to measure comprehension and anxiety following receipt of laboratory result messaging.

Proportion of participants who progress from prediabetes to diabetes based on electronic health record data, defined by meeting diagnostic criteria for diabetes during follow-up. This outcome is included to monitor long-term clinical safety and progression.