Stress in Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease is a relapsing and remitting condition, and each patient's course through their illness is unique across a range of life events. In people with Crohn's disease as with the general population, there are relationships between external stressors, internal emotional states and psychological experiences, such as how one experiences illness. The output of these aforementioned states has very rarely been studied in multiple body-systems, particularly in diseases of the gut which has many connections to the nervous system and uses many of the same chemical signalling pathways in the brain.

Through close and continuous measurement of physiological, behavioral, and experiential information we will track participants over time by using smartwatches, smart rings, and smartphones on a cohort of over 200 patients with Crohn's disease in the United States and the United Kingdom to build a longitudinal model of each participant's disease. We will measure the patient's stress response using these tools to generate manual and passive data. The first is a customized application installed on the participant's own phone, which will track both passive sensor measurement and participant-generated active-task data. Additionally, a "smart" wristwatch and "smart" finger-ring wearable devices will be given to the participant for the duration of the study. The multimodal acquisition of periodic subjective data and continuous objective data collected by the two wearable devices will constitute an unprecedented comprehensive picture of each individual, their disease trajectory, and its connection to their stress response. All these signals will be anchored to clinic visits. As a result of following several hundred participants over the course of six to nine months, meaningful models of each individual's unique disease course as well as generalizable models that classify individuals into definable similar trajectories will be developed. This study will explore the feasibility and provide the direction for the studies needed to build out comprehensive individual forecasting tools for people with Crohn's disease to manage their own conditions.

Ultimately, providing this early warning information from wearables directly to the individual will enable each patient to adapt aspects of their lifestyle, including exposure to modifiable stress, to prevent negative clinical changes.

Inclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of Crohn's disease previously established by endoscopy, imaging, and/or histology
• Disease of the small bowel, large bowel, or both large and small bowel
• Needs to have at least one flare in the last 12 months while on current therapy
• Subjects may be on no treatment or may have concurrent treatment with 5-aminosalicylates, antibiotics, corticosteroids, thiopurines, methotrexate or biologic therapies, including infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, vedolizumab, or ustekinumab
• Disease level, see stratified enrollment below
• Subjects must have a personal cell phone that is an iPhone SE or newer and be willing to upgrade to the most recent iOS operating system and use their phone for study. This includes a willingness to download and use the study applications and sync their phone with the necessary study devices.

Exclusion criteria

• Imminent indication for surgery, such as small bowel obstruction or abscess, or surgery in the past 4 weeks
• More than 100 cm of small bowel resected
• Dependence on chronic enteral supplementation or parenteral nutrition or fluids
• Ileostomy or Colostomy (some of the outcome measures do not apply as cannot count # bowel movements)
• History of asymptomatic Crohn's disease for the last 2 years
• Current use of investigational therapy
• Self-reported pregnancy or intent to become pregnant during the study period