Strength Training Intervention for Hybrid Workers

Number of sit to stands in 30 seconds - Higher score are positive

Number of push ups in 30 seconds - Higher scores are positive

Perceived stress was measured using the 10 item Cohen-Perceived Stress Scale. This instrument is designed to measure psychological stress and to evaluate the stressful situations of daily life by measuring the degree an individual feels their life has been unpredictable, uncontrollable and overloaded during the past month. Questions were rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from never (0) to almost always (4) with the ratings for each question summed to create an overall stress score. Higher scores indicate more perceived stress with the possible range of summed scores ranging from zero to 40. Scores of 13 are classified as average stress levels and scores of 20 or above indicate high stress levels.

The Health and Work Questionnaire (HWQ) measures employee productivity and health. The survey consists of 24 questions (3 with sub-questions) used to create an overall HWQ score and six subscales; productivity, concentration/focus, supervisor relations, impatience/irritability, work satisfaction, and non-work satisfaction. Questions are rated on a 10-point Likert scale from a negative rating (1) to a positive rating (10). Scores for each subscale are calculated from the sum of responses to all the items comprising the subscale divided by the number of items in the subscale. An overall HWQ score is produced from the average of all six subscales. Scores closer to 10 indicate desirable productivity outcomes.

The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) measures work engagement, which can be described as the opposite of burnout. The UWES-17 consists of 17 statements used to create an overall engagement score and three subscales: vigor, absorption, and dedication. Statements are rated on a 7-point Likert scale from never had this feeling (0) to always every day (6). Scores for each subscale are calculated from the sum of responses to all the items within that subscale, divided by the number of items in the subscale. An overall engagement score is produced from the average of all 17 subscales. Normative scores range from very low to very high, with very low scores for vigor, dedication, absorption and total engagement reported as ≤2.17, ≤1.60, ≤1.60 and ≤1.93, respectively, and very high scores reported as ≥5.61, ≥5.80, ≥5.36 and ≥5.54, respectively.