Strategies to Promote Skin Health

One free-response item measuring intentional indoor frequency in the last 30 days

One free-response item measuring intentional outdoor frequency in the last 30 days

A free-response items measuring intentional indoor intentions in the next 30 days.

A free-response items measuring intentional outdoor intentions in the next 30 days.

Participants completed the Appearance Reasons to Tan latent subscale of the Physical Appearance Reasons for Tanning Scale (PARTS; Cafri et al., 2006, 2008). This scale consists of three manifest subscales: General Attractiveness, Acne, and Body Shape. These 19 items were scored along a five-point scale: 1 (definitely disagree) to 5 (definitely agree), with a possible total score range of 19-95 (higher scores indicating greater agreement). Total scores are averaged to reflect the average agreement with attitudes which may motivate one to tan (higher average scores indicating greater agreement).

Participants completed the Appearance Reasons Not to Tan latent subscale of the Physical Appearance Reasons for Tanning Scale (PARTS; Cafri et al., 2006, 2008). This scale consists of two manifest subscales: Skin Damage and Skin Aging. These 9 items were scored along a five-point scale 1 (definitely disagree) to 5 (definitely agree) with a possible total score range of 9-45 (higher scores indicating greater agreement). Total scores are averaged to reflect the average agreement with attitudes to not tan; (higher average scores indicating greater agreement).

State level body satisfaction was measured using the Body Image States Scale (BISS; Cash, Fleming, Alindogan, Steadman, & Whitehead, 2002). This six-item self-report instrument utilizes a nine-point scale (1 [extremely dissatisfied] to 9 [extremely satisfied]); possible total scores range 6-54; higher scores indicate greater satisfaction. This measure is scored by averaging all scores to these six items, with higher average scores indicating greater body satisfaction.

Trait level body satisfaction was measured using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Evaluation subscale (MSBRQ-AE; Brown, Cash, & Mikulka, 1990; Cash, 2000). This seven-item self-report subscale utilizes a five-point scale (1 [definitely disagree] to 5 [definitely agree]) with possible score range of 7-35. This measure was scored by averaging all scores to these seven items, with higher scores indicating greater body satisfaction.

Trait level appearance orientation satisfaction was measured using the Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised Short Form (ASI-R; Cash, Melnyk, & Hrabosky, 2004). This twenty-item self-report instrument assesses cognitive and behavioral investment in one's physical appearance. This measure utilizes a five-point scale (1 [definitely disagree] to 5 [definitely agree]), with total scores ranging from 20-100; higher scores indicate greater appearance investment. This measure is scored by averaging all scores to these twenty items (higher scores indicating greater appearance investment).

State positive affect was measured using the positive affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale-Short Form (PANAS-SF; Thompson, 2007). This self-report subscale consists of five items of the full ten-item measure. This subscale utilizes a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). This measure is scored by summing all scores to these five items (range 5-25), with higher scores indicating greater state positive affect. For the purposes of this project, participants' item scores to these five items were averaged.

State negative affect was measured using the negative affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale-Short Form (PANAS-SF; Thompson, 2007). This self-report subscale consists of five items of the full ten-item measure. This subscale utilizes a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). This measure is scored by summing all scores to these five items (range 5-25), with higher scores indicating greater state negative affect. For the purposes of this project, participants' item scores to these five items were averaged.

Participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Short Version (DASS-21) as a marker of trait level negative affect (Henry & Crawford, 2005). This 21-item self-report measure consists of three seven-item subscales: depression, anxiety, and stress. Items are measured along a 4-point scale (0 [not at all like me] to 3 [applied to me very much, or most of the time]); higher scores denote increased symptoms. Total sum scores for this instrument ranges from 0-63; scores for the depressive symptom subscale range from 0-21.

Participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Short Version (DASS-21) as a marker of trait level negative affect (Henry & Crawford, 2005). This 21-item self-report measure consists of three seven-item subscales: depression, anxiety, and stress. Items are measured along a 4-point scale (0 [not at all like me] to 3 [applied to me very much, or most of the time]); higher scores denote increased symptoms. Total sum scores for this instrument ranges from 0-63; scores for the anxiety symptom subscale range from 0-21.

Participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Short Version (DASS-21) as a marker of trait level negative affect (Henry & Crawford, 2005). This 21-item self-report measure consists of three seven-item subscales: depression, anxiety, and stress. Items are measured along a 4-point scale (0 [not at all like me] to 3 [applied to me very much, or most of the time]); higher scores denote increased symptoms. Total sum scores for this instrument ranges from 0-63; scores for the stress symptom subscale range from 0-21.