Storybook-Based Nutrition Education for Preschoolers

At the baseline and right after the storybook intervention ends, each child will be offered a snack choice: fruit/vegetables (healthy) or cookies (unhealthy). The selection will be recorded using a standardized observation form. The primary outcome will be analyzed as the number and percentage of children selecting the healthy snack.

Unit of Measure: Number and Percentage of Children Choosing a Healthy Snack

Turkish version of NutriSTEP Questionnaire (OBTA Questionnare) will be used to detect children's nutritional status. The scale will be filled by the parents of the children. It is fast and simple to use to scan eating habits and identify nutritional problems. It is a form that can identify preschool children who are and are not in risky nutritional status.Each question has 2-5 response options, with each option scored from 0 (no risk) to 4 (high risk). The total score is calculated by summing the scores obtained from all questions. Higher total scores indicate greater risk in dietary behavior. The total score can range from 0 to 68. According to the OBTA cut-off points:

≤20 points = low risk 21-25 points = moderate risk

≥26 points = high risk OBTA four

It contains 17 questions in the category:

• Food and liquid intake
• Physical growth and development
• Physical activity and sedentary behavior
• Factors affecting food intake and nutritional behavior

In order to evaluate their nutritional behaviors and detect potential disrupted eating habits, the "Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Parent Questionnaire", which is a 9-item scale that has been validated in Turkish (as ARFID scale) and applied to the parents of individuals between the ages of 2-18, will be filled out by the mothers of the participants. There NIAS has three subscales. The maximum score is 15 for the subscales and the total maximum score is 45 points. As the score increases the risk of ARFID increases too.

Various questions will be asked to assess the children's cognitive, automatic, and detailed emotional responses. To measure children's cognitive, automatic and detailed emotional reactions, various questions will be asked and their reactions will be observed using a 4-point visual scale. For example, when measuring cognitive response, "How strong does eating fruit/vegetables make you?" and children's answers will be evaluated using a 4-point visual scale with squares from smallest to largest. Automatic emotional response to children quickly determine whether they like fruits/vegetables or not. Children's immediate liking of fruits/vegetables will be assessed using a two-choice facial expression scale (happy vs. sad). Detailed emotional response will be measured with two questions ("How much do you like fruits/vegetables?" and "How do you like the taste of fruit/vegetables?") using a 4-point facial expression scale (1 = not at all, 4 = like a lot).

Children will be barefoot with their heads in the Frankfurt plane; heels, hips, back, and head aligned as upright as possible; knees straight; and standing comfortably. The headpiece will be gently placed at a right angle. Measurements will be recorded to the nearest millimeter and repeated twice, with the average taken.

Weight will be measured using a digital scale: children will wear light clothing and be barefoot; the scale will be placed on a flat, calibrated surface. Children will stand balanced, not move, and distribute weight evenly. Each measurement will be performed twice and averaged. Weight will be recorded in kilograms with 0.1 kg precision.

Body Mass Index (BMI) and BMI z-scores BMI will be calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²), and BMI z-scores will be determined according to WHO standards.

Unit of Measure: kg/m² (for BMI) and z-score (unitless) [Time Frame: At the baseline (before intervention) of the study.]