Stoma Educational Program on Self-Care Practices

measured by a questionnaire designed in the form of multiple-choice questions. Each answer receives one degree, with the exception of unknown and missed answers, which receive zero points. The scores obtained for each question were summed up to get the total score for the patients' knowledge.

Standardized, numerical, validated, and evidence-based measures are used to assess the stoma self-care abilities of patients undergoing UD. It comprises seven skills required to change a urostomy pouch system. Each ability was graded on a four-point scale, with values ranging from 0 to 3.

It is designed to assess a general sense of perceived self-efficacy, aiming to predict how individuals cope with daily hassles and adapt after experiencing various stressful life events, in addition to the challenges posed by the disease. Patients' responses will be categorized as follows: 1 = not being confident at all, 2 = slightly confident, 3 = fairly confident, 4 = highly confident, and 5 = extremely confident. High scores refer to positive self-efficacy, i.e., the subjective presence of ability. So the total score is 100, whereas less than 50 = low (-ve) self-efficacy and more than 50 = high (+ve) self-efficacy.

The urinary diversion quality of life questionnaire designed to assess quality of life for urinary diversion patients. It consists of questions that explored general condition and physical condition, reconstruction-related symptoms, psychological status, sexual life, social status, and satisfaction with the treatment. Patients' responses were categorized as follows: 1- not at all, 2- a little, 3- much, 4- very much.