Status of Disease Burden of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Chinese Male Community

Divide the country into 7 geographical regions and stratify them according to urban and rural areas. Based on the size of the male population over 40 years old in the seventh National Census, employ a multi-stage proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling method. The sampling process is divided into six stages. In the first stage, use provincial-level administrative units as sampling units. Based on population size, use the PPS method to select 2 provincial-level administrative units from each region, totaling 14. In the second stage of sampling, use prefecture-level cities in each province as sampling units. The capital cities are directly sampled; based on population size, use the PPS method to select 1 other prefecture-level city from each province. In the third stage of sampling, use urban districts and counties (including county-level cities) in prefecture-level cities/direct-controlled municipalities as sampling units. Use the PPS method to select 2 urban districts and 2 counties in each prefecture-level city, and 4 urban districts and 4 counties in each direct-controlled municipality. In the fourth stage of sampling, use streets in urban districts and towns/townships in counties as sampling units. Use simple random sampling to select 1 street from each urban district and 1 town/township from each county. In the fifth stage of sampling, use communities in streets and villages in towns/townships as sampling units. Use simple random sampling to select 2 communities from each street and 2 villages from each town/township. In the sixth stage of sampling, stratify males over 40 years old in each community/village by age groups (40-49 years,50-59 years,60-69 years,70 years and above). Number individuals of each age group and randomly sample individuals. This survey includes four parts: questionnaire survey, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging and other examinations. The questionnaire is conducted face-to-face by trained interviewers.

Inclusion criteria

• Mainland China, aged 40 or older, male, in 31 provincial-level administrative regions.
• Have resided for a total of 6 months or more in the survey county (district) in the past 12 months.
• Normal communication, cooperation during physical examination, and good cognitive ability.
• Willing to participate in and cooperate with this study, and sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

• Closed communities, such as armed forces and nursing homes.
• Individuals with mental illnesses or other conditions that prevent cooperation.