Standardization and Reproducibility Regarding Scanning Procedures and Measurements of Weight-bearing Cone Beam CT in the Lower Extremity

Investigators expect that scans performed with CBCT will show a clear change in the TT-TG distance when comparing scans performed in two different degrees of flexion of the knee. Investigators expect a discrete change in the TT-TG distance between non-weight bearing and weight-bearing state of the same degree of flexion. Investigators expect that other radiological targets for assessing patellofemoral instability, e.g. in trochlear dysplasia patients will change between the different scan situations. In addition, investigators expect that the TT-TG distance measurement method has a high reproducibility of intra- and in-terobserver variation as well as over time with repeated scans. The reproducibility is expected to be at least as good or above existing 2D measurement methods on conventional scans. In patients with trochlear dysplasia, a greater TT-TG distance is expected than in healthy controls. In addition, differences in TT-TG distance between flexion/extension as well as between non-weight bearing and weight bearing condition are expected to be greater than in healthy controls. In addi-tion, investigators expect to be able to detect a correlation between controlled changes in the position of the foot which will lead to passive changes in the TT-TG distance.

The purpose of the study is:

• To investigate changes in TT-TG distance in CBCT scans of the knee joint, in healthy con-trols as well as in trochlear dysplasia patients, in two predefined degrees of flexion (0 ° i.e. fully stretched position; 20 ° flexion), in respectively weight-bearing loaded and unloaded position
• To investigate the day-to-day reliability of the measured TT-TG distance, knee flexion angle and other radiological measurements regarding patellofemoral instability, at two separate CBCT scan sessions in patients with trochlear dysplasia compared with healthy controls
• To investigate changes in the TT-TG distance in trochlear dysplasia patients before and after surgery in terms of evaluation of the patellofemoral instability

Inclusion criteria

Substudy 1:Healthy

• Male or female aged 18-39 years
• Must be able to stand on one leg for 30 seconds

Substudy 2

• Diagnosed with trochlear dysplasia, in addition healthy
• Male or female aged 18-39 years
• Patients scheduled to either a trochlear plastic surgery + MPFL reconstruction or Elmslie- Trillat + MPFL reconstruction + trochlear plastic surgery
• Must be able to stand on one leg for 30 seconds

Exclusion criteria

Substudy 1

• Current knee injury and / or knee pain.
• Known rheumatoid and / or connective tissue disease.
• Previous treatment requiring knee injury and / or knee surgery.
• Pregnancy

Substudy 2

• Known rheumatoid and / or connective tissue disease
• Previous treatment requiring knee injury and / or knee surgery.
• Patients who need distalization
• Pregnancy