Speed of Processing Training in Traumatic Brain Injury

Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR). The WTAR is a measure that reliably estimates levels of intelligence by asking the participant to read aloud the words on an established reading list.

• The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), which is designed to assess complex mental manipulation by adding the two most recent numbers that are presented auditorily. 2) The Symbol Digit Coding subtest of the CNS-Vital Signs neurocognitive battery, which requires the examinee to type and respond as quickly as possible the appropriate number that matches the special symbol. 3) The Stroop subtest of the CNS-Vital Signs neurocognitive battery: The Stroop Test has three parts to it. A) Read the word that is a name of a color as quickly as possible within 90 seconds. B) Name the color of ink that four X's as quickly as possible within 90 seconds. C) Name the color of the ink that the word is written in. The word is a color of ink that is incongruent to the color of the print. The participant is required to name as many inks as possible within 90 seconds.

• Trail Making Test, Part A & B: This test measures efficiency of visual search and set shifting while alternating between letters and numbers. 2) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, this test measures mental flexibility, set shifting and hypothesis testing. 3) The Non-Verbal Reasoning subtest of the CNS- Vital Signs neurocognitive battery, which is a measure of non-verbal reasoning and pattern identification.

• The Continuous Performance subtest of the CNS- Vital Signs neurocognitive battery. The Continuous Performance test assesses sustained attention and reaction time to targets presented on the computer. 2) The Shifting Attention subtest of the CNS- Vital Signs neurocognitive battery will be administered to assess the participant's ability to maintain attention while switching between sets of target. 3) Four-Parts Continuous performance subtest of the CNS- Vital Signs neurocognitive battery, which is a measure of working memory and sustained attention. In addition to these working memory and attention tasks, a verbal digit-span task, this is a standardized measure of verbal working memory.

Verbal memory will be assessed with the Verbal Memory subtest of the CNS- Vital Signs neurocognitive battery. Participants will learn a list of words and then will be assessed for immediate recall and delayed recall.

Participants will be given a hearing screening which will take approximately 5 minutes. Participants will listen to speech sounds, words, or sentences over headphones and will make judgments about what they hear, by speaking a response, pushing a button, typing a response, or touching a computer screen. They will either be asked to make judgments about what they hear (e.g., what was the word) or the voice of the person who spoke.

Beck Depression Inventory -II: This is a standardized instrument for the assessment of depression with a self-report questionnaire. Participants will endorse the level of disturbance which best describe their mood over 21 items that are characteristic of depression

Beck Anxiety Inventory: The BAI is a self-report instrument for the assessment of anxiety. The BAI consists of 21 items, each describing a common symptom of anxiety on which the respondent rates how much they have been bothered by the symptoms over the last week

The Cognitive Self-Report Questionnaire assesses perceptions of cognitive abilities). The Cognitive Self-Report Questionnaire consists of 25 statements about cognition and mood in everyday life over the past 2 weeks.

This is an optional procedure for study participants. Participants who wish to participate will undergo a resting state functional MRI (fMRI), a structural MRI sequence and a Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) sequence at baseline and post-baseline. The neuroimaging component is to examine if the neural pathways involved with processing verbal information improve following the Brain Fitness Program training.