Specifying the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ziltivekimab

Considering that ziltivekimab is currently undergoing a phase 3 CVOT trial, it is of great importance to elucidate its mechanistic effects. The objective of this study is to research whether ziltivekimab therapy for 20 weeks reduces arterial wall inflammation, as assessed by state-of-the-art imaging modalities, and reduces systemic inflammatory tone, as assessed by in depth phenotyping of circulating monocytes, inflammatory biomarkers and proteomics. The imaging modalities used in this study are 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and CCTA. This study is designed as a single center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled intervention study in 40 atherosclerotic patients of 50 years and older with hsCRP levels of 2 mg/L and above.

Inclusion criteria

• Aged 50 years and older.
• Multi-vessel coronary artery disease (defined as CAD-RADS ≥2).
• Serum hsCRP level ≥2 mg/L.

Exclusion criteria

• Coronary stents in situ.
• Chronic or recent (<1 month) (serious) infections and/or clinical signs of acute (serious) infection.
• History of severe auto-immune diseases, or other (severe) (recurrent or chronic) inflammatory disorders.
• Use of preventive systemic antibiotics (antibiotics used to treat latent tuberculosis are exempted).
• Stable lipid lowering treatment for less than 4 weeks, including statins, ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibition.
• Untreated latent tuberculosis, active hepatitis B (positive HBsAg and/or positive anti-HBc with detectable HBV DNA) or C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) not on stable antiretroviral regimen
• Uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c >90 mmol/mol).
• Renal insufficiency, defined as eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2.
• Platelet count <120,000 and >450,000 /mm3.
• Elevated liver enzymes (>3 ULN of liver transaminases), acute liver failure or known (severe) liver disease.
• Premenopausal women not using birth-control.
• History of gastrointestinal perforation, active diverticulitis (within 5 years) or active inflammatory bowel disease (within 12 months).
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic >180 mmHg; diastolic >110 mmHg).
• Diagnosis of (active) malignancy in last 5 years.
• Standard contra-indications to 68Ga-DOTATATE PET, and CT based on physician's experience and current practices.
• Inability or unwillingness to comply with the protocol requirements, or deemed by investigator to be unfit for the study.