SPARK Healthy Sleep

Usage data will be collected to evaluate the number of participants that complete the full intervention.

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a standardized, 10-item questionnaire that evaluates the subjective usability of a product or software. Participants are asked to rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The SUS score can range from 0 - 100, with higher scores indicating excellent usability.

Participants will be asked to rate the appropriateness of the intervention on a 4-item questionnaire. Participants are asked to rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Scores can range from 4 - 20, with higher scores indicate greater appropriateness.

Usage data will be collected to evaluate the number of participants that complete the intervention prompts over the 2 week intervention period

Usage data will be collected to evaluate the total amount of time spent on modules over the 2 week intervention period

Usage data will be collected to evaluate the number of times participants engage with intervention over the 2 week intervention period

The PSQI assesses sleep quality and disturbances on a scale from 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty). Component scores are summed for a total score between 0 - 21. A score of 0-5 indicates excellent to good sleep quality. A score of >5 indicates poor sleep quality.

The ISMI measures how individuals perceive and internalize social stereotypes about mental illness. Each statement is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Statement scores are summed and then divided by the number of answered items. Total scores range from 1.00 - 4.00 with higher scores indicating severe internalized stigma.

The Endorsed Anticipated Stigma Inventory - Treatment Seeking scale measures beliefs about seeking treatment for mental health. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Total scores may range from 8 - 40 with higher scores indicate greater reluctance to seek treatment.

Daily sleep data will be collected from participants via a study-provided Fitbit. Sleep duration will be calculated from recorded sleep start and end times.

Daily sleep data will be collected from participants via a study-provided Fitbit. Sleep score is automatically calculated by the Fitbit device on a scale of 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating longer, higher quality sleep.

Daily sleep data will be collected from participants via a study-provided Fitbit. Average time spent in various sleep stages (awake, REM, light, deep) will be evaluated.

Daily sleep data will be collected from participants via a study-provided Fitbit. Daily Readiness Score is automatically calculated by the Fitbit device on a scale of 1 to 100, with higher scores indicating that the body is well-rested and more prepared for an intense or rigorous training session.

Daily sleep data will be collected from participants via a study-provided Fitbit. Higher resting heart rate scores during sleep often indicate worse sleep quality.

Daily sleep data will be collected from participants via a study-provided Fitbit. Higher heart rate variability during sleep generally indicates higher sleep quality.

The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P42) measures the frequency and distress levels of experiences in the general population. Frequency of experience is rated on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (never) to 4 (nearly always) and associated distress of those experiences that have occurred is rated on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (not distressed) to 4 (very distressed). Total scores range from 42 to 168, with higher scores indicating more frequent and more distressing experiences.

The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) measures an individual's emotional state. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very slightly or not at all) to 5 (extremely). The Negative Affect Score can range from 10-50, which higher scores indicating higher levels of distress and negative emotional states.

The SSI-Brief assesses self-reported verbal and non-verbal communication across 6 subscales. Each statement is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (not at all like me) to 5 (exactly like me). Scores can range from 30 - 150, with higher scores indicating better social skills/social competence (such as greater social and emotional communication skill).

The Beck Depression Inventory-II assesses severity of depression. Each item presents four statements graded in severity from 0 to 3. Total scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) measures how individuals manage and control their emotions across 2 subscales (cognitive reappraisal - how often situations are reinterpreted to change their emotional impact, and expressive suppression - how often emotional expressions are hidden or held back). Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Each subscale is summed and divided by the number of items, for a total score between 1 and 7. Higher scores indicate a more frequent, habitual use of that emotional regulation strategy.

The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) Symbol Coding task is a measure of processing speed. Participants use a reference key to match symbols with numbers and complete as many correct responses as possible within the allotted time (90 seconds). There is no fixed maximum score, as the score reflects the total number of correct responses produced within the testing period. Higher scores indicate faster cognitive processing.

Verbal fluency measures executive functioning by asking participants to generate words under specific rules (for example, words that start with the same letter, or words within a specific category such as animals or fruits). Participants will be asked to name as many words as possible within 60 seconds. The total number of unique, valid words is scored. Lower scores may indicate cognitive impairment.

The Sleep Self-Efficacy Scale measures confidence in an individual's ability to manage sleep-related behaviors, fall asleep and cope with poor sleep. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (not confident at all) to 5 (very confident). Total scores range from 9 to 45 with higher scores indicating higher confidence.

The Insomnia Severity Index screens for insomnia by asking respondents to rate the nature and symptoms of their sleep problems. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (none) to 4 (very severe). Total scores range from 0 to 28 with higher scores indicating a more severe insomnia problem.

The Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep (DBAS) evaluates expectations and attitudes regarding the causes, consequences, and potential treatments for sleep issues. Each item is rated on a 10 point Likert scale from 0 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree). Total scores range from 0 to 10 with scores calculated as a mean of the 16 items. Higher scores indicating more dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep (worse outcome), and lower scores indicating more adaptive and realistic beliefs about sleep (better outcome).