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NCT Number: NCT06157697

Social Transfers for Exclusive Breastfeeding in Brazil

The goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of social transfers on exclusive breastfeeding rates in São Paulo, Brazil. The main research questions are:

1. Are social transfers effective at increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates 2. Are social transfers effective in prolonging the duration of exclusive breastfeeding 3. Are social transfers effective in prolonging the duration of complementary breastfeeding 4. What are the long-term impacts of social transfers for breastfeeding on child health and development

Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) control, no social transfer 2) non-conditional social transfer at 6-months postpartum, and 3) conditional social transfer at six months postpartum; conditional upon the mothers exclusive breastfeeding status.

All participants receive education about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and current international recommendations.

Researchers will compare the intervention groups to the control group to see if social transfers are effective at increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates at six months postpartum.

Recruiting

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Key information

Age range

18 year–50 year

Sex eligibility

Female

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Butantã, Brazil

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Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Gave birth in the last 72 hours
  • Exclusively breastfeeding at time of recruitment and intend to continue to exclusively breastfeed
  • Part of or eligible Bolsa Familia or on the Bolsa Familia list (CAD Unico)
  • Lives in São Paulo
  • No illnesses that contraindicates breastfeeding
  • Had a healthy singleton infant of 37 weeks or more gestation with a birth weight of at least 2500 grams
  • Agrees to participate and sign an informed consent; if under age (12-17 years), a legal representative will also have to agree to sign the informed consent

Exclusion criteria

  • Plans to move permanently outside study area
  • Has a medical, intellectual or psychological disability
  • Contraindication for breastfeeding
  • Preterm births
  • Children born with < 2500 grams

Treatment and study plan

Social Transfer

Behavioral

Social transfers are defined as a cash or in-kind transfer. Based on previous social transfer programs in Brazil, we will offer gift packages for mothers at 6 months. The options include: diapers, hygiene products, child developmental toys, transport vouchers, or a combination of these.

Primary outcomes

  1. Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding

    Time frame: 6 months postpartum

    The proportion of women exclusively breastfeeding at 6-months postpartum will be assessed using a questionnaire. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as receipt of only human milk - which is consistent with the World Health Organization guidelines. At six months postpartum, mothers are asked if they are still currently breastfeeding. If they answer yes, a follow-up question on if they provided any other liquids, solids, or supplements to their child to determine the exclusive breastfeeding status.

  2. Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding

    Time frame: 6 months postpartum

    The duration of exclusive breastfeeding will be assessed using a questionnaire. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as receipt of only human milk - which is consistent with the World Health Organization guidelines. At six months postpartum, mothers are asked if they are still currently breastfeeding. If they answer yes, a follow-up question on if they provided any other liquids, solids, or supplements to their child to determine the exclusive breastfeeding status.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Child Health Outcomes

    Time frame: 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years

    We will assess the child's health outcomes by using a questionnaire. The questionnaire will ask a range of yes or no questions about disease/illness history, hospitalizations, and other health events.

  2. Early Childhood Development

    Time frame: 1 year, 2 years

    When the child is two years of age, a comprehensive end line assessment will be conducted to evaluate early childhood development indicators (e.g. The Global Scale for Early Development (GSED). This indicator will be normalized to a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 to facilitate interpretation of estimated group differences.

  3. Prevalence of Complementary Breastfeeding

    Time frame: 6 months, 1 year, 2 years

    The proportion of women complementary breastfeeding at 1-year, and 2-years postpartum will be assessed using a questionnaire. Complementary breastfeeding is defined as receipt of human milk in combination with complementary foods and liquid. At each time point postpartum, mothers are asked if they are still currently breastfeeding. If they answer yes, a follow-up question on if they provided any other liquids, solids, or supplements to their child to determine the complementary breastfeeding status.

  4. Duration of Complementary Breastfeeding

    Time frame: 6 months, 1 year, 2 years

    The duration of complementary breastfeeding at 1-year, and 2-years postpartum will be assessed using a questionnaire. Complementary breastfeeding is defined as receipt of human milk in combination with complementary foods and liquid. At each time point postpartum, mothers are asked if they are still currently breastfeeding. If they answer yes, a follow-up question on if they provided any other liquids, solids, or supplements to their child to determine the complementary breastfeeding status.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Jordyn Wallenborn

CONTACT

[email protected]

+41 76 525 01 83

Stephanie Khoury

CONTACT

[email protected]

+41 78 265 20 60

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute

Other

Collaborators

  • Federal University of São Paulo
  • Swiss National Science Foundation
  • University of Basel
  • University of Sao Paulo

Registry information

Official study title

Social Transfers for Exclusive Breastfeeding in São Paulo, Brazil

Acronym: STEBB

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2027
First posted
Dec 6, 2023
Registry last updated
Jun 24, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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