Smartstep Smartphone PAD

The 6 Minute Walk Test is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance. The distance covered over a time of 6 minutes is used as the outcome by which to compare changes in performance capacity.

WIQ measures self-reported walking distance, speed, and stair-climbing ability. In the WIQ distance score, the participant is asked to assess the degree of walking difficulty in walking specific distances on a scale from 0 to 4. A score of 0 represents the inability to walk the distance and a score of 4 represents no difficulty. WIQ speed score assesses the degree of difficulty in walking one block at specific speeds, ranging from walking slowly to jogging, on a scale of 0 to 4. In the WIQ stair-climbing score, the participant is asked to report the degree of difficulty climbing specific numbers of flights of stairs, ranging from one to three flights of stairs, on a scale of 0 to 4. This graded score is multiplied by a prespecified weight for each distance, speed, or number of stair flights. The products are summed and divided by the maximum possible score to obtain a percent score, ranging from 0 (inability to perform any of the tasks) to 100 (representing no difficulty).

The SF-36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. The lower the score the more disability. The higher the score the less disability i.e., a score of zero is equivalent to maximum disability and a score of 100 is equivalent to no disability. To calculate the scores it is necessary to use special software. The eight sections are: vitality, physical functioning, bodily pain, general health perceptions, physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, social role functioning, and mental health.

One typical symptom of peripheral arterial occlusive disease' (PAOD) is claudication , which is defined as pain, cramps, numbness or a sense of fatigue in the muscles associated with walking, in one or both lower limbs, affecting either the distal or proximal muscle groups.

The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) is the ratio of the blood pressure at the ankle to the blood pressure in the upper arm (brachium). Compared to the arm, lower blood pressure in the leg suggests blocked arteries due to peripheral artery disease (PAD). The ABPI is calculated by dividing the systolic blood pressure at the ankle by the systolic blood pressure in the arm.

Number of steps/week will be obtained from participants' fitness trackers

Number of Critical Limb Ischemia events reported by participants

Number of Cardiovascular Outcomes other than Critical Limb Ischemia events reported by participants

Number of Exercise-Related Injury events reported by participants

Number of deaths