Smart Monitoring Assessing Spasticity-related Health

The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a clinical tool for assessing muscle spasticity in patients, particularly those with neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). It assesses the resistance of a muscle to passive stretching and thus measures the degree of spasticity. The MAS helps to assess the severity of spasticity and monitor the effectiveness of treatment and disease progression. The scale ranges from 0 (no increased muscle tone) to 5 (limbs rigid in flexion and extension).

WHOQoL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Brief Version): The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire measures quality of life across 4 domains: Physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment. It also includes one question on overall QOL and one on general health. The WHOQOL-BREF scores correlate highly (.89 or above) with WHOQOL-100 scores, and demonstrate good discriminant validity, content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The four WHOQOL-BREF domain scores will be used as main outcome measure. The measure is calculated by summing the point values for the questions corresponding to each domain and then transforming the scores to a 0-100 point interval, with higher scores corresponding to greater QOL.

The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a scale used to measure the severity of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). It assesses neurological function based on factors such as mobility, coordination, vision and strength. The scale ranges from 0 (no disability) to 10 (death due to MS). The EDSS is used to track disease progression and make treatment decisions, with higher scores indicating greater disability.

Questionnaire about smartwatch usage. Patients are presented with 17 statements about the smartwatches, focusing on practicality, usability, and everyday suitability. They can score each statement from 1 to 5, where 5 means strong agreement and 1 means strong disagreement.

The End-of-dose-phenomena-Questionnaire assesses the effectiveness of a treatment at the end of its dosing interval and asks about an increase in symptoms. Patients can state whether they have experienced a worsening of symptoms in recent weeks and, if so, for how many days and which migraine symptoms have worsened.

The McCorkle and Young Symptom Distress Scale is an instrument for assessing the degree of distress caused by various physical symptoms. The scale consists of 13 symptoms (such as pain, nausea, fatigue, insomnia and shortness of breath) that are commonly experienced by patients. Patients rate each symptom on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being 'no distress' and 5 being 'extreme distress'. This scale can be used to determine which symptoms are the most distressing. This enables better symptom management and customised measures to improve the patient's quality of life.

The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29 (MSIS-29) is a questionnaire of the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on patients' daily lives. It consists of 29 items divided into two sections: the physical impact (20 items) and the psychological impact (9 items) of MS. Each item is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating a greater impact. The MSIS-29 helps assess how MS affects physical function and emotional well-being and provides valuable insights for treatment planning and monitoring disease progression.

The NRS is another tool used to assess pain intensity. It involves the patient rating their pain on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means "no pain" and 10 means "worst pain imaginable." Both scales are widely used due to their simplicity and effectiveness in monitoring symptom severity.

The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a clinical instrument for assessing the severity of depression in patients. It consists of 10 items that assess symptoms such as mood, guilt, sleep, appetite and concentration. Each item is scored on a scale from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating more severe depression. The MADRS is commonly used to monitor changes in depressive symptoms and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.

The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) is an instrument commonly used to assess the severity of symptoms in patients with advanced or terminal illnesses. It helps to assess the intensity of symptoms such as pain, fatigue, nausea, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, loss of appetite, breathlessness, general well-being and physical decline. Patients rate each symptom on a scale from 0 (no symptom) to 10 (worst possible symptom), which allows for quick and effective symptom monitoring. This scale helps to adjust treatment plans and improve the quality of care by tracking changes in symptoms over time.

The Sleep-Questionnaire contain the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) as well as two Items on the perceived impact of the smartwatch on the patient´s sleep. The PSQI assesses the quality of sleep over a one-month interval and measures seven component scores: sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Total score ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating a poorer sleep quality.

EQ-5D-5L: is a standardized instrument for measuring health-related quality of life. It assesses five dimensions of health: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has five levels of severity, ranging from no problems to extreme problems. Respondents rate their health state by selecting the most appropriate level for each dimension.