Skip to main content
OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT04965415

Small+Safe+Well: A Longitudinal Study of TWH in Small Business

Workers in small businesses bear a disproportionate burden of occupational fatalities, illnesses, and injuries. The investigators conducted an intervention research project to determine how an intervention at the organizational level modifies business Total Worker Health (TWH) practices, safety climate, and health climate. In turn, the investigators aimed to determine whether organizational TWH adoption impacts individual workers' lifestyle health outcomes. In addition, the investigators also evaluated the use of the RE-AIM public health impact evaluation framework in the small business setting, with the intention of improving generalizability, maintenance, and dissemination of interventions and of guiding future TWH intervention design for both research and practice. The investigators conducted a lagged randomized controlled trial (L-RCT) to determine how different doses of an organizational-level TWH intervention (Health Links vs. Health Links + TWH Leadership Training) resulted in improvement and maintenance of TWH programming and organizational climates for safety and health, in small enterprises, over 36 months. The investigators also evaluated whether it resulted in improvements in workforce lifestyle health risks. In the short and mid-term, the goals and outputs of this project is a greater understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of TWH interventions and a model to test the implementation of the TWH interventions as well as an improvement the ability of TWH researchers and practitioners to apply this knowledge to TWH intervention design, implementation and evaluation to ensure generalizability. The long-term goal of this project is to impact worker safety, health and well-being through the continued use of these principles in small businesses.

Completed

Looking for future studies?

Notify Me

Key information

Conditions

Life Style

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Colorado small business with less than 500 employees

Exclusion criteria

  • Business does not operate in Colorado or has more than 500 employees

Treatment and study plan

Health Links + Leadership Training

Behavioral

Help businesses undergo transactional (i.e., business management practices) and transformational (i.e., business leadership and culture) change. Transactional change component: Health Links is an existing community-based intervention that seeks to help businesses - especially small and medium-sized businesses - incorporate Total Worker Health (TWH) programming into their business practices through assessment, advising, and certification. There is evidence that this consultation intervention is effective at helping businesses develop and implement policies and programs.Transformational change component: The experimental arm includes TWH leadership training for small business owners and other senior leaders. This is a three-month training that includes assessments, in-person training, and virtual training transfer activities. The goal is to help the leader understand their organization's current approach to TWH, identify areas for improvement, and to take action.

Health Links

Behavioral

Health Links is an existing community-based intervention that seeks to help businesses - especially small and medium-sized businesses - create a culture of both safety and health. Health Links does this by helping businesses incorporate Total Worker Health (TWH) programming into their business practices through assessment, advising, and certification. There is evidence that this consultation intervention is effective at helping businesses develop and implement policies and programs.

Primary outcomes

  1. Business Total Worker Health Policies and Programs

    Time frame: up to four years

    Total score, out of 100, on an assessment that measures the quantity of policies and programs that the business develops and implements to protect and promote their employees' health and safety.

  2. Health Climate

    Time frame: up to four years

    Health climate (1-5 Likert scale, Strongly disagree to strongly agree) measures employee perceptions of whether their organization is committed to their health and well-being.

    Zweber, Z. M., Henning, R. A., & Magley, V. J. (2016). A practical scale for Multi-Faceted Organizational Health Climate Assessment. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21(2), 250-259.

  3. Safety Climate

    Time frame: up to four years

    Safety climate (1-5 Likert scale, Strongly disagree to strongly agree) measures employee perceptions of whether their organization is committed to their safety.

    Lee, J., Huang, Y.-H., Robertson, M. M., Murphy, L. A., Garabet, A., & Chang, W.-R. (2014). External validity of a generic safety climate scale for lone workers across different industries and companies. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 63, 138-145.

  4. Overall health

    Time frame: up to four years

    A self-reported measure of overall health asks the respondent to rate their overall health (1-5 Likert scale, Poor to excellent).

    Schwatka, NV, Atherly, A, Dally, MJ, Fang, H, vS Brockbank, C, Tenney, L, Goetzel, RZ, Jinnett, K, Witter, R, Reynolds, S, McMillen, J, Newman, L. (2017). Health risk factors as predictors of workers' compensation claim occurrence and cost. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 74(1): 14-23.

  5. Well-being

    Time frame: up to four years

    A self-reported measure of well-being asks the respondent to rate their well-being related to mood (1-5 Likert scale, Poor to excellent).

    Staehr Johansen, K. (1998). The use of well-being measures in primary health care - the DepCare project. In World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe: Well-Being Measures in Primary Health Care - The DepCare Project. Geneva, World Healthcare Organization.

  6. Stress

    Time frame: up to four years

    A self-reported measure of stress asks the respondent to rate their level of stress related to work, home, and finances (1-5 Likert scale, Never to always).

    Schwatka, NV, Atherly, A, Dally, MJ, Fang, H, vS Brockbank, C, Tenney, L, Goetzel, RZ, Jinnett, K, Witter, R, Reynolds, S, McMillen, J, Newman, L. (2017). Health risk factors as predictors of workers' compensation claim occurrence and cost. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 74(1): 14-23.

  7. Sleep

    Time frame: up to four years

    A self-reported measure of sleep asks the respondent about the number of hours of sleep they get in a day (<6 hours, 6-6.9 hours, 7-8 hours, and >8 hours).

    Schwatka, NV, Atherly, A, Dally, MJ, Fang, H, vS Brockbank, C, Tenney, L, Goetzel, RZ, Jinnett, K, Witter, R, Reynolds, S, McMillen, J, Newman, L. (2017). Health risk factors as predictors of workers' compensation claim occurrence and cost. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 74(1): 14-23.

  8. Exercise

    Time frame: up to four years

    A self-reported measure of exercise asks the respondent about the number of days they get moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least 30 minutes.

    Schwatka, NV, Atherly, A, Dally, MJ, Fang, H, vS Brockbank, C, Tenney, L, Goetzel, RZ, Jinnett, K, Witter, R, Reynolds, S, McMillen, J, Newman, L. (2017). Health risk factors as predictors of workers' compensation claim occurrence and cost. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 74(1): 14-23.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Colorado School of Public Health

Other

Collaborators

  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH/CDC)

Registry information

Acronym: SSWell

Important dates

Study start
2017
Primary completion
2020
Study completion
2020
First posted
Jul 16, 2021
Registry last updated
Jul 16, 2021

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Related clinical trials

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.