Sleep/Wake State Assessment with Non-invasive Earbuds

Detection of "sleepiness" has for more than four decades relied upon methods that acquire the electroencephalogram (EEG) from multiple surface electrodes applied to the scalp and hardware that amplifies and stores information on a central processing unit (CPU). There are substantial limitations to this methodology beyond the fact that it is time, labor, and cost intensive. Such procedures restrict a subject's freedom of movement and necessitate that patients are monitored by trained staff in an accredited laboratory which levies substantial time and financial burdens upon patients and families. Finally, the test-re-test reliability and utility of testing paradigms reliant solely on an EEG 'signature' to detect statistically meaningful - let alone clinically meaningful - changes is dubious, and has come under increased scrutiny.

This study will assess whether novel wearable technology (NextSense EEGBuds and/or Ellcie Healthy Glasses) are able to detect differences in onset to sleep in patients diagnosed as having one of the central disorders of hypersomnolence (e.g., narcolepsy type 1 or type 2, or idiopathic hypersomnia) while using their prescribed wake promoting medication(s) versus while they are not medicated, and how it's sensitivity compares to differences as detected by the standard MWT. The two study visits will occur within 16 days of one another.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults ages 18-60 years of age previously diagnosed with narcolepsy type I (NT1), narcolepsy type 2 (NT2), or idiopathic hypersomnia (IH).
• Requiring daily wake promoting medication(s) continuously for 3 months for diagnosed NT1, NT2 or IH with symptomatic improvement on treatment documented by standard subjective or objective tools.

Exclusion criteria

• Presence of a diagnosed or suspected co-morbid sleep-related breathing disorder, parasomnia, or other sleep-related movement disorder.
• Unstable psychiatric disorder (e.g., acute psychosis, acute suicidal ideation or major depressive episode, active substance abuse/dependence).
• History of malignancy (active or in remission for < 2 years) or active infectious disease at time of screening.
• Inability to safely tolerate wearing earbuds due to recent injury, skin breakdown, or infection.
• Uncorrected near visual acuity no worse than 20/50.
• Any other condition which may affect the outcome of this study or safety of the participant as determined by the principal investigator.