Sleep Stimulation to Enhance Waste Clearance in the Brain

For the positive amyloid load group:

-Participants who meet the criteria of subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment (Clinical Dementia Rating < 2; Mini-Mental State Examination ≥ 21) and brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation confirmed by CSF or amyloid-PET, the inclusion age range is 55-80 years.

For healthy groups:

-Inclusion age range is 18-80 years.

Inclusion criteria

• Proficiency in the French language (close to native level) to complete the neuropsychological evaluation and cognitive tests.
• MRI compatibility: absence of metallic materials in the body (implants, vascular clips, certain types of orthopedic material, etc.), a pacemaker or other types of stimulators, cochlear implants, or any other electronic devices.

Exclusion criteria

• Current or past psychiatric or neurological conditions (except for those directly associated with the patient group).
• The presence of severe untreated sleep disorders.
• The presence of irregular sleep-wake cycles (due to shiftwork or extreme chronotype).
• The presence of moderate depression or high levels of anxiety.
• Ongoing treatment with psychotropic medications (benzodiazepines, antidepressants).
• Regular or excessive consumption of alcohol or caffeinated drinks.
• Consumption of other psychoactive substances known to have an impact on the central nervous system.
• Insufficient visual or auditory acuity to complete the assessments if uncorrected. Normal hearing is required for sound stimulation to be effective.
• Claustrophobia that prevents undergoing brain imaging (MRI).
• Pregnancy or currently breastfeeding