Skip to main content
OpenTrials
Recruiting

NCT Number: NCT07088640

Single Step Protocol and Multi-step Warming Protocol for Blastocyst FET

The multi-step thawing protocol with a reduction of non-permeable cryoprotectant concentrations to reduce osmotic shock caused by the rapid influx of water. Recent studies have shown that a simplified warming protocol by only a thawing solution gave a comparable survival rate but increased pregnancy rate, reduced patients' waiting time, and decreased the workload of embryologists.

Recruiting

Interested in participating?

Request Info

Key information

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

Female

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

My Duc Hospital

Ho Chi Minh City, City, 7000, Vietnam

Location status: Recruiting

Location contact

Tuong M Ho, MSc, MD

CONTACT

[email protected]

+84 90 3633377

About this study

Nowadays, vitrification is the gold standard method in freezing human embryos, using different commercial brands of ready-to-use kits. Removing cytotoxic cryoprotectants and rehydration to prevent osmotic shock has been a fundamental principle in cryobiology. This minimized damage during the vitrification/thawing (V/T) process. However, the entire process is time-consuming and labor-intensive in the IVF laboratory. Especially, some laboratories have difficulty ordering the same brand of medium for V/T kits. Because of the long period of cryopreserved embryos, it may be that embryos were vitrified and warmed with different kits with a potentially different kind and concentrations of cryoprotective agents. Recently, the combinations of the two different V/T commercial kits have shown comparable survival, blastulation, and implantation rates in both own and donor oocyte cycles.

Additionally, there remains an opportunity and a necessity to continue improving the warming protocol. The key factors for thawing require a fast warming rate, a gradually decreasing concentration of intracellular cryoprotectant, and embryologist skills to secure the survival rate.

Based on previous work, one option would be shortening the time necessary to rehydrate. A study by Seki and Mazur has shown that embryo survival is almost entirely dependent on the warming rate rather than the extracellular cryoprotectant concentration used. A recent study by Liebermann showed that simplifying warming procedures in one step by using 1M sucrose only is possible with an encouragingly higher ongoing pregnancy rate and comparable clinical outcomes when compared to the same conventional multi-step warming protocol, showing a significantly lower miscarriage rate (4.0% vs. 7.6%). These results lead to a faster, safer, and more cost-effective procedure.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a new combination of V/W solutions-single and multi-step thawing protocol- on live birth rate (LBR), as well as embryo transfer, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Women aged from 18
  • Undergoing no more than 3 previous IVF/ICSI cycles
  • Had at least a single good-quality blastocyst frozen.
  • Endometrium preparation using artificial cycle
  • Agree to single blastocyst transfer
  • Not participating in any interventional studies at the same time

Exclusion criteria

  • Embryos from cycles after in-vitro maturation, pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT)
  • Having contraindications for exogenous hormone administration (e.g., breast cancer, thromboembolic disease)
  • Having uterine abnormalities (e.g., adenomyosis, intrauterine adhesions, unicornuate/ bicornuate/ arcuate uterus; unremoved hydrosalpinx or endometrial polyp)

Treatment and study plan

Single-step warming protocol by thawing solution only

Procedure

Potentially eligible patients' vitrified blastocysts will be thawed by a single-step thawing protocol. For the warming phase, vitrified blastocysts are exposed to the thawing solution of a commercial embryo thawing kit (Irvine Scientific Inc., USA) at 37°C for one minute. Immediately following this, embryos will be rinsed in a 35mm diameter dish of 2ml of pre-equilibrated thawing solution before being placed in culture media in the incubator for at least 2 hours before transfer.

Other names: Single-step thawing protocol

Standard warming protocol

Procedure

For the MS protocol, thawing kits were equilibrated overnight in a 37°C incubator. Warming procedures utilized the kits (Cryotech RtU, Japan). To remove the cryoprotectants, blastocysts were warmed, and cryoprotectants were diluted in a three-step process.

The warming process starts with the exposure of blastocysts to thaw solution (TS) with 1M trehalose for one minute at 37°C. Subsequently, the blastocyst will be transferred to a second well containing a dilution solution (DS) of 0.5M trehalose for a two-minute rinse at room temperature. This is followed by two additional three-minute and 30-second rinses in the wash solution (WS) at room temperature. The timeline for standard warming of blastocysts requires a total of 6.5 min. After thawing, embryo will be placed in the incubator at least 2 hours before transfer.

Other names: Multi-step warming protocol

Primary outcomes

  1. Live birth rate

    Time frame: At 22 weeks of gestation

    Live birth is defined as the complete expulsion or extraction from a woman of a product of fertilization, after 22 completed weeks of gestational age; which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as heart beat, umbilical cord pulsation or definite movement of voluntary muscles, irrespective of whether the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. A birth weight of 500 grams or more can be used if gestational age is unknown

Secondary outcomes

  1. Survival rate

    Time frame: At least 2 hours after thawing.

    The survival rate by the presence of blastocoel re-expansion before embryo transfer.

  2. Cancellation rate

    Time frame: Any day during endometrium preparation days before embryo transfer.

    Cancellation due to: The blastocyst cells are lysed after thawing.

  3. Positive pregnancy test

    Time frame: At 2 weeks after embryo placement

    Serum ß-hCG ≥25mIU/mL

  4. Implantation rate

    Time frame: At 3 weeks after embryo placement

    The implantation rate is explained as the number of gestational sacs per number of embryos transferred

  5. Clinical pregnancy

    Time frame: At 5 weeks after embryo placement

    diagnosed by ultrasonographic visualization of one or more gestational sacs or definitive clinical signs of pregnancy at 6 weeks or more after the onset of the last menstrual period. In addition to intra-uterine pregnancy, it includes a clinically documented ectopic pregnancy.

  6. Ectopic pregnancy

    Time frame: At 7 weeks of gestation

    A pregnancy outside the uterine cavity, diagnosed by ultrasound, surgical visualisation, or histopathology

  7. Ongoing pregnancy

    Time frame: At 10 weeks after embryo placement

    Having at least one gestational sac on ultrasound at 12 weeks' gestation with heart beat activity

  8. Miscarriage

    Time frame: before 22 completed weeks of gestational age

    The spontaneous loss of an intra-uterine pregnancy before 22 completed weeks of gestational age

  9. Preterm delivery

    Time frame: At 22, 28, 32 weeks and 37 weeks of gestation

    Multiple definitions, defined as delivery at <24, <28, <32, <37 completed weeks

  10. Major congenital abnormalities

    Time frame: At birth

    Structural or functional disorders that occur during intra-uterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth or later in life. Congenital anomalies can be caused by single gene defects, chromosomal disorders, multifactorial inheritance, environmental teratogens and micronutrient deficiencies. The time of identification should be reported. Any congenital anomaly will be included as followed definition of congenital abnormalities in Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies by Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, NCBDDD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020).

  11. Birth weight

    Time frame: At the time of delivery

    Weight of singletons and twins

  12. Low birth weight

    Time frame: At the time of delivery

    Weight < 2500 gm at birth

  13. Very low birth weight

    Time frame: At the time of delivery

    Weight < 1500 gm at birth

  14. High birth weight

    Time frame: At the time of delivery

    Weight over than 4.500 g for women with diabetes, and a threshold of 5.000 g for women without diabetes

  15. Admission to NICU

    Time frame: At birth

    The admittance of the newborn to NICU

  16. Multiple pregnancy

    Time frame: At 6 to 8 weeks' gestation

    ≥2 gestational sac at early pregnancy ultrasound

  17. Multiple delivery

    Time frame: At 22 weeks' gestation

    Birth of more than one baby beyond 22 weeks

  18. Still birth

    Time frame: At 20 weeks' gestation

    The death of a fetus prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother after 20 completed weeks of gestational age. The death is determined by the fact that, after such separation, the fetus does not breathe or show any other evidence of life, such as heartbeat, umbilical cord pulsation, or definite movement of voluntary muscles.

  19. Neonatal mortality

    Time frame: within 28 days of birth

    Death of a live-born baby within 28 days of birth. This can be divided into early neonatal mortality, if death occurs in the first seven days after birth, and late neonatal if death occurs between eight and 28 days after delivery

  20. Direct costs to live birth

    Time frame: At the time of delivery

    Total direct cost to have a live birth after embryo transfer. Direct cost include medical consultations, ovulation stimulation drugs, laboratory and embryology services, ultrasound scanning, medical procedures such as oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer, hospital charges, nursing and counselling services and administrative and overhead charges. Cost data will be collected for a supplementary analysis and will be reported in a separated paper.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Tam TM Luu, MD

CONTACT

[email protected]

+84357426024

Vu NA Ho, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

+84935843336

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Mỹ Đức Hospital

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Live Birth Rate Between Single and Multi-step Warming Protocol Applied in Blastocyst Vitrification: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Acronym: ONESTEP

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2027
First posted
Jul 28, 2025
Registry last updated
Sep 12, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.