Simplifying Hepatitis C Pathways for People Who Inject Drugs in Armenia, Georgia, and Tanzania

The investigators will conduct a study to trial a new, simplified, and lower cost clinical pathway and determine its feasibility, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability in Armenia, Georgia, and Tanzania.

This is a non-randomised, quasi-experimental, prospective comparative trial with approximately 350 participants initiated onto hepatitis C treatment in each arm. Arm one is a simplified care model (following global guidance) with hepatitis C treatment commencing after a rapid hepatitis C antibody test and a confirmatory positive hepatitis C ribonucleic acid (RNA) test. Arm two will involve same day treatment commencement following a positive rapid antibody test without confirmatory RNA testing prior to treatment initiation (RNA testing will be completed after treatment is provided). In arm two, the decision to treat will be based on the result of an early read time (< 5 mins) of a rapid antibody test which previous research findings suggest correlates strongly with a hepatitis C RNA positive test result. All positive participants will be treated with sofosbuvir (400mg) and velpatasvir (100mg), self-administered orally once per day for 12 weeks. Hepatitis C cure will be assessed by sustained virological response (SVR) laboratory testing.

The first primary outcome is feasibility, measured throughout the care cascade. Primary outcomes compared across the two arms will be the proportion of participants 1) commencing treatment and 2) achieving SVR. Test concordance and validity of the early read time will be assessed against laboratory RNA test results (which will also guide decisions to continue or cease treatment in Arm 2). A mixed effects model will be used to assess study outcomes and infectious diseases modelling will determine cost-effectiveness. The acceptability and feasibility of the models will be assessed through thematic analysis of participant and practitioner interviews, and site assessments.

Inclusion criteria

• 18 years or older
• Able and willing to provide informed consent in local language
• Not currently on or previously had treatment for hepatitis C
• Attending site for needle / syringe program, OR self-reports ever injecting drugs

Exclusion criteria

• Self-reported history of decompensate cirrhosis of the liver
• Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding
• Self-report other significant co-morbidities such as uncontrolled HIV infection, history of renal dysfunction, tuberculosis infection, or chronic hepatitis B infection
• Unable / unwilling to stop any contraindicated medications / supplements