Short-Term Outcomes of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Using the Titan Modular Total Shoulder System

Primary outcomes

1. ASES

   Time frame: two year post op

   • ASES: the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment

   • The ASES scale is intended to measure functional limitations and pain of the shoulder.
   • ASES is a 0 - 100 point scale; higher scores indicate better outcomes.

   i. The ASES consists of two dimensions: pain and function (worth 50 points each).

   a. The ASES questionnaire is composed of both a physician-rated component and a patient-reported component. Patient questions focus on: joint pain, instability and activities of daily living. Physician questions focus on: range of motion, strength, signs and instability

2. EQ-5D-5L

   Time frame: two year post op

   • EQ5D-5L: EuroQuol-5D

   a. The EQ5D-5L scale evaluates general health status. The EQ-5D-5L has two sections; the first section measures health status using a descriptive system (index of 5 scores) and the second section measures health status on a Visual Analog Scale.

   i. The EQ-5D-5L VAS outcome is measured on a 0 - 100 point scale. Optimal health status is indicated with a score of 100.

   ii. The EQ-5D-5L descriptive system consists of 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension is evaluated with a score of 1-5, higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

   • On each dimension, a score of 1 indicates no patient problems in that dimension, 2 indicates slight problems in that dimension, 3 indicates moderate problems in that dimension, 4 indicates severe problems in that dimension and 5 indicates extreme problems in that dimension.

3. PENN

   Time frame: two year post op

   • PENN: PENN Shoulder Score

   • The PENN Shoulder Score is used to assess patient self-reported levels of pain, satisfaction and function.
   • PENN is measured on a 0 - 100 point scale; higher scores indicate better outcomes.
   • The PENN consists of 3 subscales: pain (at rest, with activity, and with strenuous activity), satisfaction and function. The PENN Pain subscale is scored from 0 to 30, the PENN satisfaction subscale is scored from 0 to 10 and the PENN function subscale is scored from 0 to 60.

4. SANE

   Time frame: two year post op

   • SANE: Single assessment numeric evaluation

   • SANE is an outcome scale used to record the patient's self-reported function.
   • SANE is implemented on a scale of 0 - 100, 100 indicates full function (or function prior to injury) and 0 represents no function.

5. CS

   Time frame: two year post op

   • CS: Constant-Murley Score

   • The CS score assesses functionality after the treatment of a shoulder injury.
   • CS is measured on a 0 - 100 point scale. Higher scores indicate better shoulder function.
   • CS is composed of four subscales: pain (15 points, based on patient report), activities of daily living (20 points, based on patient report), strength (25 points), and range of motion (40 points).

6. WOOS

   Time frame: two year post op

   • WOOS: Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder index

   • WOOS is a disease-specific quality of life PRO tool, developed for osteoarthritis.
   • WOOS is measured on a 0-1900 point scale; 1900 indicates a clinical outcome fully symptomatic of osteoarthritis and 0 indicates an asymptomatic outcome.

   i. WOOS is composed of 19 items scored on 100-point VAS scales. The 19 items represent four domains (6 questions for pain and physical symptoms, 5 questions for sport/recreation/work function, 5 questions for lifestyle function and 3 questions for emotional function).