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NCT Number: NCT07677189

Sensorimotor Balance Training for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain

Chronic nonspecific low back pain is one of the most common causes of pain and disability worldwide. Many people with chronic low back pain experience difficulties with balance, posture, movement control, and daily activities. Sensorimotor balance training is a rehabilitation approach designed to improve balance, body awareness, and neuromuscular control.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to investigate whether sensorimotor balance training is more effective than standard physiotherapy in reducing pain and improving spinal alignment in adults with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a sensorimotor balance training group or a standard physiotherapy group. Both groups will receive treatment three times per week for 12 weeks.

Pain intensity, functional disability, and spinal alignment will be assessed before and after the intervention. Spinal alignment will be measured using the DIERS Formetric 4D system, a non-invasive and radiation-free technology that evaluates posture and spinal shape. The findings of this study may help identify effective rehabilitation strategies for improving pain, function, and spinal alignment in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

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Key information

Conditions

Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain

Age range

18 year–59 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Physiotherapy Clinics, Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University

Najran, Najran Region, 61441, Saudi Arabia

Location contact

Husam Yahya Alfaifi, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

+966560366600

Husam Yahya Alfaifi, PhD

SUB_INVESTIGATOR

Mohammad Abdel Jarrar, Msc

SUB_INVESTIGATOR

Saeed Yahya Al Adal, PhD

SUB_INVESTIGATOR

About this study

Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a major cause of disability and reduced quality of life worldwide. In addition to pain, individuals with CNSLBP frequently demonstrate impairments in sensorimotor control, proprioception, postural stability, and trunk muscle coordination. These impairments may contribute to persistent symptoms and functional limitations.

Sensorimotor balance training has emerged as a rehabilitation approach aimed at improving sensory integration, neuromuscular control, and dynamic postural stability. Previous studies have reported beneficial effects of sensorimotor-focused interventions on pain and functional outcomes; however, most investigations have relied primarily on self-reported measures, with limited assessment of objective biomechanical changes.

The DIERS Formetric 4D system provides a non-invasive, radiation-free method for evaluating spinal posture and alignment, including measures of trunk imbalance, pelvic tilt, and sagittal spinal curvature. The integration of objective spinal assessment with rehabilitation interventions may provide greater insight into the relationship between symptom improvement and structural-functional adaptations.

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of sensorimotor balance training on pain intensity and spinal alignment in adults with chronic nonspecific low back pain. The study will compare sensorimotor balance training with standard physiotherapy and examine whether improvements in pain are associated with measurable changes in spinal alignment. Findings from this study may contribute to the development of evidence-based rehabilitation strategies for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults aged 18 to 59 years. Diagnosis of chronic nonspecific low back pain lasting at least 3 months. Pain intensity score of 4 or greater on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 35 kg/m². Ability to safely participate in the exercise program and comply with study procedures.

Exclusion criteria

  • Acute low back injury. History of spinal surgery. Neurological disorders affecting movement or balance. Musculoskeletal disorders affecting movement or balance. Professional athletes. Individuals engaged in heavy manual labor. Any medical condition that would prevent safe participation in the intervention program.

Treatment and study plan

Sensorimotor Balance Training

Behavioral

Participants will receive a structured sensorimotor balance training program designed to improve proprioception, postural stability, and neuromuscular control. The intervention will be delivered three times per week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 45 minutes. Exercises include wobble board balance training, core activation exercises, and dynamic single-leg stance activities. Exercise difficulty will be progressively increased every two weeks according to participant performance and

Standard Physiotherapy

Behavioral

Participants will receive standard physiotherapy treatment consisting of stretching and core strengthening exercises. The intervention will be delivered three times per week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 45 minutes. A standardized progression protocol will be followed throughout the intervention period to ensure consistency of treatment delivery across participants.

Primary outcomes

  1. Pain Intensity Measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)

    Time frame: Baseline and Week 12

    The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a self-reported measure of pain intensity scored from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. The primary outcome will be the change in pain intensity from baseline to the end of the 12-week intervention period.

  2. Spinal Alignment Measured by DIERS Formetric 4D

    Time frame: Baseline and Week 12

    Spinal alignment will be assessed using the DIERS Formetric 4D system, a non-invasive and radiation-free surface topography method. Parameters evaluated will include trunk imbalance, pelvic tilt, and sagittal spinal curvature. The outcome measure will be the change in spinal alignment parameters from baseline to the end of the intervention period.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Functional Disability Measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)

    Time frame: Baseline and Week 12

    Functional disability will be assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), a validated questionnaire measuring the impact of low back pain on daily activities and functional performance. The outcome measure will be the change in ODI score from baseline to the end of the 12-week intervention period.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Adel Alshahrani, PhD, PT

CONTACT

[email protected]

+966 54 822 6011

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Najran University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Effects of Sensorimotor Balance Training on Pain and Spinal Alignment in Adults With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Acronym: SENSOR-LBP

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2027
Study completion
2027
First posted
Jun 30, 2026
Registry last updated
Jun 30, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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