Self-Hypnosis Training for Migraine Management (HYlaMI): A Pilot and Proof-of-Concept Study

Background.

Migraine affects approximately 1.04 billion individuals worldwide and is associated with substantial socioeconomic burdens, including reduced quality of life, mental health comorbidities (anxiety, depression), and productivity losses. Non-pharmacological interventions, including clinical hypnosis, represent a growing area of investigation.

Intervention.

The HYlaMI program consists of 8 weekly one-hour group sessions delivered via teleconference (Zoom, CIUSSS EMTL platform). Seven hypnotic exercises are introduced sequentially, each following a standard hypnotic structure (induction, deepening, hypnotic work, post-hypnotic suggestions, return to waking state):

• Session 1: Psychoeducation on medical hypnosis and pain + "Pleasant place" exercise
• Session 2: "Backpack" exercise (anxiety and emotion management)
• Session 3: "Doing nothing" exercise (pain acceptance, catastrophizing)
• Session 4: "Thermal object" exercise (pain perception modification)
• Session 5: "Magic hand" exercise (analgesic suggestion)
• Session 6: "Rossi method" (resource-based pain relief)
• Session 7: "Reconnecting with a resource" (introspection and self-efficacy)
• Session 8: Conclusion, self-hypnosis prescription and 30 minutes Focus group on Social Validity of the intervention

A 9th session (1h-Focus group on Self-hypnosis practice+ follow-up meeting) is held 4 weeks post-intervention.

All 7 hypnotic exercises are provided as high-quality audio recordings to enable home self-hypnosis practice between sessions.

Study Design

Mixed-methods pilot and proof-of-concept study with two parallel arms: HYlaMI intervention group and waitlist control group. Randomization is performed using an online random group generator. For ethical reasons, waitlist participants will receive the full intervention after study completion.

Outcome Assessment Schedule

14 measurement time points are planned: T-1 and T0 (pre-intervention baseline), T1-T8 (weekly during intervention), and T9-T12 (weekly post-intervention follow-up).

Hypnotizability

Baseline hypnotizability is assessed using the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A), French online version, and will be used as a covariate in all analyses.

Data Management

Electronic questionnaires are managed via REDCap (CIUSSS EMTL server). Paper journals are used for in-session measures. Focus groups are recorded via Zoom, transcribed using OneDrive Word, and analyzed with NVivo 12.

Inclusion criteria

• Formal diagnosis of migraine for more than one year (physician-issued; self-reported diagnosis accepted)
• French-speaking
• No consumption of alcohol or recreational drugs on the morning before group hypnosis sessions (migraine rescue medication is accepted but must be reported if taken before a session)
• Reliable internet connection
• Available to follow the 2.5-month self-hypnosis training program

Exclusion criteria

• Sensory or cognitive impairments that would interfere with comprehension (e.g., deafness)
• Severe, unstabilized neurological or psychiatric disorder that impairs communication
• Previous psychological treatment using hypnosis techniques for pain management
• Current participation in another psychological intervention (potential confounder for anxiety/depression outcomes)