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NCT Number: NCT06559267

School-based Paraeducator Education for Engagement at Recess

The purpose of the proposed three-site study is to test whether an educator-level implementation strategy, coaching, with or without a school-level implementation strategy, school-based teams, will maximize paraeducators' use (fidelity and sustainment) of an evidence-based social engagement intervention, Remaking Recess (RR). RR aims to improve peer related social skills for autistic students and their non-autistic peers who are socially isolated or peripheral and need support during recess.

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Key information

Age range

5 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States

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Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Students: Elementary aged students in K-5th grade who are autistic or have a neurodevelopmental disorder (Age 5-12)
  • Educators: Paraeducators, teachers, or other school personnel that work with K-5th grade students in a public school in the United States (Age 18+)

Exclusion criteria

  • Students or educators that have previously participated in Remaking Recess studies will not be eligible to enroll in this study.

Treatment and study plan

Remaking Recess

Behavioral

Remaking Recess (RR) is a school-based social engagement intervention designed to enhance elementary school contextual factors to better support peer engagement during recess. Remaking Recess is delivered to educators through direct training and in vivo coaching by a certified Remaking Recess Coach.

Other names: RR

TEAM

Other

Schools that are randomized to the TEAM condition will receive an additional implementation support intervention. TEAM will leverage existing human resources in the school to specifically focus on developing an implementation blueprint to foster a supportive implementation context for paraeducators to use Remaking Recess.

Other names: TEAMS, school-based teams

Primary outcomes

  1. Remaking Recess Fidelity

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, 16 months

    This 20-item observation measure rates how well educators are observed to be using core Remaking Recess strategies with students on the playground. Minimum score 1, maximum score 5. Higher scores indicate better outcome.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Playground Observation of Peer Engagement (POPE)

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, 16 months

    This observation-based instrument measures children's engagement with activities and peers. It rates children's engagement states and the frequency within a set amount of time.

  2. Friendship Survey

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 8 months

    This 5-item free response survey asking students to identify their preferred peers at school. The results of the survey will be analyzed to identify student social network centrality in their classroom (Nuclear, Secondary, Peripheral, or Isolated).

  3. Teacher Perceptions Measure

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 8 months

    This 12-item measure asks teachers to report on their perceptions of their target student's social skills. Minimum score 1, maximum score 3. Higher scores indicate better outcome.

  4. Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM)

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, 16 months

    This 12-item self-report measure asks educators to rate how acceptable the interventions (Remaking Recess and TEAM) were. Minimum score 1, maximum score 5. Higher scores indicate better outcome.

  5. Cost Measure

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, 16 months

    This survey measure asks educators how much time they spent on study-related procedures (Remaking Recess and TEAM) each week. The measure then calculates the average dollar cost each week of study-related procedures based off of the educator's salary in order to better understand the cost of implementation and intervention.

  6. Provider Report of Sustainment Scale (PRESS)

    Time frame: 12 months, 16 months

    This 3-item self-report measure asks educators to reflect on the sustainment of the use of the target intervention (Remaking Recess) at their school. Minimum score 0, maximum score 4. Higher scores indicate better outcome.

  7. School Implementation Leadership Scale (S-ILS)

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, 16 months

    This 25-item measure captures educator perceptions of their school leadership and how well the leadership supports the use of the intervention (Remaking Recess). Minimum score 0, maximum score 4. Higher scores indicate better outcome.

  8. School Implementation Climate Scale (SICS)

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, 16 months

    This 21-item measure captures educator perceptions of their school culture and how well the intervention (Remaking Recess) fits in. Minimum score 0, maximum score 4. Higher scores indicate better outcome.

  9. Team Process Survey Measure (TPS)

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, 16 months

    A 10-item self-report measure to capture team process. Minimum score 1, maximum score 5. Higher scores indicate better outcome.

  10. Quality of Play Questionnaire

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, 16 months

    A 19-item measure for parents/caregivers to complete about their child's playdates. Items 1-17 are a numerical rating of how much time a child spends on an activity in their play, with score ranging from a minimum of 0 to maximum of 3. Items 18-19 are a free response numerical frequency rating for parents to report on the number of playdates their child had in the last month.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Kemmerly Chipongian

CONTACT

[email protected]

206-543-3750

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Washington

Other

Registry information

Acronym: SPEER

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2029
Study completion
2029
First posted
Aug 19, 2024
Registry last updated
Aug 15, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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